摘要
人工智能的迅猛发展既给人们带来了生活、生产便利,也给人们带来现实风险和可能风险,民法应当在管控人工智能发展风险中发挥作用。基于民法人与物二分传统格局和人工智能产品是物的法理基础,民事责任对人工智能的现实风险和可能风险能够发挥重要的管控作用。首先应当区分人工智能产品致人损害,发生的是人的责任还是物的责任,根据其性质认定民事责任主体,确定民事责任的归属。其次,对现实风险而言,适用民事责任的具体规则,因人工智能产品缺陷所致损害适用物的责任,因人的过失操作所致损害适用人的责任。再次,对可能风险而言,适用民事责任的一般规范,通过限制人工智能的无序发展以及禁止技术滥用规则进行事先防控,防止人工智能发展出现危害人类的后果。
The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology not only brings people production and life convenience,but also brings us real risks and possible risks. Civil law should play a functional role in controlling the development risk of artificial intelligence technology.Based on the traditional pattern of the dichotomy between man and object in civil law and the legal status of artificial intelligence products as object,facing the development risk of artificial intelligence,civil liability can play an important role in controlling the real risk and possible risk of its existence. First of all,we should distinguish between human responsibility or the responsibility of object,according to its nature to identify the subject of civil liability,determine the attribution of civil liability. Secondly,for the real risk,the specific rules of civil liability should be applied.If damage is caused by defects in artificial intelligence products,we should apply the rules of liability of the object. If damage caused by the person’s fault operation,we should apply the rules of human liability. In this way,we can sanction the perpetrators and protect the rights holders. Finally,in the case of possible risks,the general norms of civil liability should be applied. Civil liability prevents the development of artificial intelligence from being harmful to human beings by restricting the disorderly development of artificial intelligence and prohibiting the rules of technology abuse in advance prevention and control. Civil law incorporates the development of artificial intelligence into the civil legal system through civil liability,not only can control the development risk of artificial intelligence,but also encourage the sustainable and healthy development of artificial intelligence,to achieve better results for the benefit of mankind.
出处
《法学杂志》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期25-35,共11页
Law Science Magazine
基金
中国人民大学科研基金"统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设"专项资金支持"东亚侵权法示范法研究"(项目编号:16XNL001)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
人工智能
现实风险
可能风险
管控
民事责任
artificial intelligence
real risks
possible risks
control
civil liability
