摘要
就行政诉讼的原告资格而言,最高人民法院指导案例77号对"利害关系"的标准界定模糊不清,且将是否维护自身合法权益视为原告资格认定的重要依据。此种"利益人诉讼"的认定方式不仅未能清晰地阐明行政诉讼原告资格的认识框架,还可能导致许多本可通过民事救济方式解决的纠纷涌入行政救济的管道,因而对司法实践的指导作用有限。在行政举报案件原告资格的认定上,我国应当确立"受害人诉讼"模式,不予承认独立的程序请求权,遵循"主观公权利—权益受侵害的可能性—权益保护的必要性"的三层次构造,进而恪守我国个人权利诉讼的基本定位,避免司法权在公法保护义务的判断上形成对立法权的僭越,建构权益受侵害认定的类型化,维护行政诉讼与其他救济机制的必要分工。
As far as the plaintiff qualification of administrative litigation is concerned, Guiding Case No. 77 of the Supreme People’s Court defines the standard of interest vaguely, and regards whether to safeguard one’s own lawful rights and interests as an important basis for plaintiff qualification determination. This identification way of ‘Litigation of the Interested’ not only fails to clarify the cognitive framework of plaintiff qualification in administrative litigation but also may disrupt the division of labor between civil relief and administrative relief, which has limited guiding effect on judicial practice. In the identification of plaintiff qualification in administrative reporting cases, China should establish the model of ‘Litigation of the Injured’, follow the three-level structure of ‘subjective public rights—the possibility of infringement of rights and interests—the necessity of protection of rights and interests’ abiding by the basic orientation of individual rights litigation, and make typological analysis on the determination of infringement of rights and interests in order to avoid the overstepping of judicial power in judging the obligation of legal protection and maintain the necessary division of labor between administrative litigation and other relief mechanisms.
出处
《中国法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期231-248,共18页
China Legal Science
基金
中国社会科学院大学学术创新工程支持计划成果
国家社科基金青年项目(项目批准号:17CFX041)的研究成果
