摘要
漆皮加固是中国古代大漆家具修复的关键,其强度受地仗层结构的影响。结构粗糙的地仗层,漆皮的加固强度较大;结构较细腻的地仗层,漆皮的加固强度减弱。通过内结合强度测试的方式,对被黏结在料灰地仗与漆灰地仗上的漆皮进行强度测试。漆皮、黏结材料(生漆、骨胶与乳胶)以及木方(附着料灰与漆灰)是本实验所用的材料,通过力学试验机,可得漆皮(分别以生漆、骨胶与乳胶为黏结材料)在料灰地仗与漆灰地仗上的内结合强度;通过扫描电镜,可对料灰地仗的结构、漆灰地仗的结构以及黏结材料的渗透性进行观察;通过裸眼观测法,可知黏结材料在料灰地仗与漆灰地仗上的黏结情况。实验结果表明:料灰地仗结构粗糙,漆灰地仗结构较细腻。以生漆、骨胶与乳胶黏结漆皮的内结合强度在料灰地仗层上较在漆灰地仗上强。生漆、骨胶与乳胶在料灰地仗上的渗透性与黏结情况较在漆灰上好。分析可知,地仗层结构对漆皮的加固强度具有影响作用,在结构粗糙的地仗层上,生漆、骨胶与乳胶的渗透性与黏结情况良好,以三者黏结漆皮,其加固强度较大;在结构较细腻的地仗层上,生漆、骨胶与乳胶的渗透性与黏结情况较差,以三者黏结漆皮,其加固强度减弱。
The reinforcement of lacquer film is significant in the restoration of Chinese ancient lacquer furniture,and its strength is affected by the structure of ground layer.There are two kinds of ground layer including the Liao-hui layer that is mixed by pig-blood and stucco and the Qi-hui ground layer that is mixed by lacquer and stucco in the Chinese ancient lacquer furniture.The coarse ground layer can generate the strong reinforced strength,while the smooth ground layer can decrease the reinforced strength of lacquer film.This study applied cohered strength to test the reinforced strength of lacquer film.The materials included the lacquer film,adhesives,namely lacquer,bone glue and polymer vinyl acetate(PVAC),and woodblocks(covered with Liao-hui layer and Qi-hui layer)in the experiment.The mechanical test machine was applied to measure the cohered strength of lacquer film.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)was used to observe the structure of ground layer and permeation of adhesives.The binding situation of adhesive including lacquer,bone glue and PVAC on the ground layer covered Liao-hui layer and Qi-hui layer were examined using SEM.The results revealed that the structure of Liao-hui was coarse,while the structure of Qi-hui was smooth.The lacquer film had higher cohering strength on the ground layer with Liao-hui than on the ground layer with Qi-hui.The adhesives including lacquer,bone glue and PVAC had better permeation and binding situation on the ground layer with Liao-hui than on the ground layer with Qi-hui.The conclusion can be drawn by analyzing the results of experiment.The structure of ground layer affected the reinforced strength of lacquer film.The lacquer film had strong reinforced strength with well permeation and binding situation on the ground layer with coarse structure.The lacquer film had weak reinforced strength with worse permeation and binding situation on the ground layer with smooth structure.
作者
张天星
吴智慧
孙湉
黄琼涛
ZHANG Tianxing;WU Zhihui;SUN Tian;HUANG Qiongtao(Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Science and Technology Institute for Conservation of Historical Relics of Nanjing Museum,Nanjing 210016,China;Yihua Lifestyle Technology Co.Ltd.,Shantou 515834,Guangdong,China)
出处
《林业工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期156-161,共6页
Journal of Forestry Engineering
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0600704)
宜华生活科技股份有限公司科技创新项目(YH-JS-JSKF-201708003-03)
关键词
家具修复
大漆家具
漆皮
地仗层结构
加固强度
内结合强度
furniture repair
lacquer furniture
lacquer film
ground layer structure
reinforcement strength
reinforced strength
