摘要
在《神曲·地狱》中,但丁通过系统设计精确而新颖的惩罚秩序,来实现其立法意图。但丁的地狱惩罚系统并非某一时代律法系统的镜像反映,而是体现出高度的综合性、建构性和开创性。无论是其判罪形式、罪与罚的分类标准还是监禁方式,以及其中各种奇特的文学想象,皆不例外。惩罚系统的功能需求决定了但丁的地狱是感官世界与意义世界的综合体,其中亡灵兼有身体性与空灵性。试图在这一惩罚系统中解决受罚亡灵的身体性与空灵性、速朽性与永恒性之间矛盾的努力,造就了终极严厉的循环惩罚模式。地狱中的惩罚兼具自在性与表演性,其中上演的一切构成了"代上帝复仇"的特殊修辞,并让立法与立言的双重功能得以凸显。但丁的批判意识和超越意识驱使他拒不接受任何固有的体系模式,而是怀着道德、政治和神学"三位一体"的目的来创立超越时代的"永恒之法",这一目标最终只能在诗学意义上得以实现。
In Inferno, Dante tries to fulfill his ambition of law-making by inventing a precise and orderly punishment system. Dante’s punishment system is not a mirror image of any established law system up to his time, but a highly comprehensive, constructive and innovative one, embodied in its forms of conviction, classifications of crime and punishment, ways of custody and disciplining, as well as all the imaginary beings in his underworld. The function of punishment necessitates Dante’ s inferno to be a synthesis of sensual world and meaning world. with its inhabiting souls being both physical and ethereal. A functional effort to overcome the contradictions between physicality and ethereality, destructibility and eternity of the infernal ghosts, leads to an ultimate harsh way of never-ending recurrent punishment. The punishment system in Dante’s Inferno has a quality of both autonomy and performativity, and all what happen here form a special rhetoric of the "vengeance for God",which highlights the double functions of law-making and word-making. Dante’s critical and transcending consciousness prevents him from simply accepting the existing ideological systems of his time. In The Divine Comedy he tries to create an "immortal law" beyond all ages, with a "trinity" of his moral, political, and theological ambitions,which can be fulfilled only in his poetic realm.
作者
涂险峰
张岱
Tu Xianfeng;Zhang Dai(School of Chinese Language and Literature, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China)
出处
《长江学术》
CSSCI
2019年第1期58-68,共11页
Yangtze River Academic
关键词
但丁
《神曲》
《地狱》
惩罚系统
立法
立言
Dante
The Divine Comedy
Inferno
Punishment System
Law-making
Word-making
