中国居民收入分配“葫芦型”格局的理论解释——基于城乡二元经济体制和结构的视角被引量：33

A Theoretical Explanation of the “Gourd” Income Distribution Pattern of Chinese Residents——Form the Perspective of Urban-Rural Dual System and Structure

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摘要本文构建了基于人力资本投资的两期交叠模型,对当前我国居民收入分配格局"葫芦型"分布特征的形成进行了理论解释。在二元经济制度条件下,处于低收入主众数组的农村居民受到人力资本成本溢价和户籍制度引发的劳动力转移壁垒成本的影响,面临比城镇居民更为严格的收入积累机制、更高的人力资本投资门槛和中产阶层"陷阱"阈值,给其上升为中等收入群体造成了障碍;而处于中等收入次众数组的城镇居民,面临以上几个方面的约束更小,从而能够更快地晋升为中等收入群体。由此,主、次众数组在发展中逐步脱离,必然形成颇具中国特色的"葫芦型"分配格局。相对于"金字塔型"而言,"葫芦型"是一个进步,葫芦型的次众组可能是未来形成橄榄型的基本部分,但是目前距离"橄榄型"分配格局还较远,并且中长期停滞于葫芦型也不利于后者的形成。 This paper gives a theoretical explanation of the formation of the“gourd”income distribution pattern of Chinese residents through constructing a two-period overlapping generation model incorporating capital investment.Under the dual economic system,rural residents in the low-income group,which is also the largest population group,are affected by higher cost of human capital investment and the cost of labor mobility caused by the household registration system.Thus rural resident have the stricter income accumulation mechanism,higher threshold of human capital investment and“trap”threshold of the middle class than urban residents,hindering rural resdents from moving up to middle-income groups.Instead,urban residents in the second largest population group with higher income are less comstrained in the above aspects,thus they can move up faster to the middle-income group.As a resule,the largest and second largest groups would be gradually separated from each other in the course of development,inevitably leading to a“gourd”income distribution pattern with Chinese characteristics.Compared with the“pyramid”income distribution pattern,the“gourd”income distribution pattern is an improvement,and the second largest group may be the key element of an“olive”income distribution pattern in the future.Nevertheless,it is still far away from the“olive”distribution pattern,to which the long-term stagnation in a“gourd”distribution pattern is not conducive.

作者陈宗胜康健 CHEN Zongsheng;KANG Jian(Nankai University,Tianjin,China;Sichuan Development and Reform Commission,Chengdu,China)

机构地区南开大学中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心中国财富经济研究院南开大学四川省发展和改革委员会

出处《经济学动态》 CSSCI 北大核心 2019年第1期3-14,共12页 Economic Perspectives

关键词居民收入分配格局人力资本投资户籍制度中等收入群体 Income Distribution Pattern of Residents Human Capital Investment Household Registration System Middle-income Group

分类号 F126.2 [经济管理—世界经济]