摘要
为探讨江苏淮北地区稻茬半冬性小麦节氮增效的可行性,以半冬性小麦徐麦33为材料,研究了稻茬条件下不同密度、氮肥施用量和比例对小麦籽粒产量、氮肥利用效率和群体生长特征的影响,并分析了提高产量与与氮效率的协同性。结果表明,密度与氮肥施用存在一定的互作补偿作用。当密度由150×10~4株·hm^(-2)增至225×10~4株·hm^(-2)时,在不降低籽粒产量的基础上可减少15%～30%的施氮量,并显著提高氮肥农学效率(NAE)。在一定产量范围内,产量与NAE、氮素吸收效率(RE)呈显著或极显著的正相关,实现了产量及氮效率同步提升。产量及氮效率的提高与优良的群体结构密切相关,籽粒产量、NAE、RE与孕穗期叶面积指数(LAI)、花后21dLAI、花后干物质积累量、群体总结实粒数均呈显著正相关,与LAI下降速率呈显著负相关。本试验中,在密度225×10~4株·hm^(-2)、施氮量229.5kg·hm^(-2)、施氮比例为5∶1∶2∶2的组合下小麦籽粒产量、NAE最高。
A field experiment was conducted for two years to explore the feasibility of reducing nitrogen application while improving nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)in Huanbei wheat production region under rice stubble in Jiangsu Province.Xumai 33,a semi-winter wheat variety,was selected to study the effects of density,nitrogen rate and its application ratio on wheat yield,NUE and population growth characteristics.Moreover,coordinate relationship between improving yield and NUE were also explored from correlation analysis in this paper.The results were as follows:the interaction exists between density and nitrogen.To some extent,the density has interactive compensation effect on nitrogen application.When reasonably increasing density from 150×104 plants·hm-2 to 225×104plants·hm-2,the nitrogen rate was reduced by 15%-30% without yield reduction,and nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE)was significantly improved.The yield was positively correlated with NAE and recovery efficiency(RE)within the certain yield limits,indicating the yield and NUE could be improved synchronously.Yield,NAE and RE were positively correlated with the leaf area index(LAI)at booting stage,LAI on 21 dafter anthesis,dry matter accumulation after anthesis and total setting kernels.The best value of yield and NAE was received at combinations of 225×104 plants·hm-2,229.5kg·hm-2 and the proportion 5∶1∶2∶2(basal∶tillering∶jointing∶booting fertilizer).
作者
易媛
苏盛楠
李福建
徐凯峰
朱新开
李春燕
丁锦峰
朱敏
郭文善
YI Yuan;SU Shengnan;LI Fujian;XU Kaifeng;ZHU Xinkai;LI Chunyan;DING Jinfeng;ZHU Min;GUO Wenshan(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Wheat Research Center,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第12期1465-1472,共8页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300405)
国家基金面上项目(31771711)
江苏省自主创新项目(CX(16)1001)
扬州市优秀青年基金项目(YZ2017098)
扬州大学科技创新团队项目
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目
关键词
小麦
密度
减施氮肥
产量
氮肥农学效率
群体质量指标
Wheat
Density
Reducing nitrogen application
Grain yield
Nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE)
Quality index of population
