摘要
[目的]在“化肥零增长”背景下,探究磷肥减施对小麦产量及土壤质量的影响,为长江流域中下游地区磷肥减施提供科学依据。[方法]在湖北和浙江麦区,采用种肥同播技术进行田间试验,设置5个处理:1)不施磷肥(CK);2)习惯施磷量(FP);3)习惯施磷量80%(P80);4)习惯施磷量60%(P60);5)习惯施磷量60%+解磷菌剂(PB60)。分别在2019、2020年测定小麦产量,于2020年小麦收获时测定0—20 cm耕层土壤理化性质,微生物量磷、酶活性及磷脂脂肪酸含量。[结果]种肥同播情况下,与FP处理相比,第一年湖北麦区磷肥减施处理(P80、P60)小麦产量无显著性差异,而第二年产量分别显著下降31.53%和21.51%;浙江麦区P80处理较FP处理连续两年均未显著减产,且施用解磷菌剂可避免小麦产量下降。与FP处理相比,湖北麦区CK、P80和P60处理土壤有效磷含量显著降低,P80和P60处理土壤微生物量磷(MBP)含量分别增加37.46%和17.21%。在浙江麦区,与FP处理相比,P80处理土壤有效磷含量无明显变化,P60和CK处理土壤有效磷含量显著降低;P80和P60处理较FP处理的土壤MBP含量无显著性差异。两个麦区的试验结果还显示,与FP处理相比,P80和P60处理土壤磷活化系数和细菌与真菌的比值显著降低,土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量、参与氮循环的土壤酶活性及真菌相对丰度增加,而土壤pH、有机碳含量、总氮含量、速效钾含量、土壤磷酸酶活性、细菌相对丰度及丛枝菌根相对丰度均无显著变化;与P60处理相比,PB60处理增加了土壤有效磷含量、土壤磷活化系数及丛枝菌根的相对丰度。通过冗余分析发现,MBP是影响湖北麦区土壤微生物群落结构变化的主控因子;土壤铵态氮是影响浙江麦区土壤微生物群落结构变化的主控因子。[结论]在种肥同播情况下,不同麦区土壤有效磷、微生物量磷和小麦产量对磷肥减施的响应各异。在土壤有效磷含量较低的湖北
[Objectives]To provide scientific basis for phosphorus fertilizer reduction in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin,we studied the effect of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on wheat yield and soil quality.[Methods]The field experiments were conducted in Hubei and Zhejiang Provinces.The treatments included:non-phosphorus application control(CK),farmers’conventional phosphorus application(FP),80%of farmers’conventional phosphorus application(P80),60%of farmers’conventional phosphorus application(P60),and P60+phosphate-solubilizing bacteria application(PB60).Wheat yield data were collected from 2019 through 2020.Following wheat harvest in 2020,we assessed the physical and chemical properties,microbial biomass phosphorus content,enzyme activity and phospholipid fatty acid content within 0—20 cm horizon of the cultivated soils.[Results]In Hubei wheat region,the wheat yields under FP,P80 and P60 treatments were similar in the first year of phosphorus fertilizer reduction.However,wheat yields under P80 and P60 treatments were less than that under FP in the second year of phosphorus fertilizer reduction.In Zhejiang province,the wheat yields under P80 and FP treatments were similar in two years,while PB60 increased the wheat yield compared with P60 in 2020.In Hubei Province,available P contents under CK,P80 and P60 treatments were less than that under FP,whereas P80 and P60 treatments produced higher soil microbial biomass P(MBP)content than FP.In Zhejiang Province,P80 and FP treatments had similar soil available P content,while under P60 and CK treatments soil available P content was significantly lower than that under FP treatment.Compared with FP treatment,P80 and P60 treatments decreased soil phosphorus activation coefficient and ratio of bacteria to fungi,but they increased soil NH4+-N content,NO3–-N content,soil N-cycling enzyme activities and relative fungi abundance in the two provinces.FP,P80 and P60 treatments had similar soil pH value,organic carbon content,total N content,readily a
作者
陈露
王秀斌
朱瑞利
毛琳琳
孙静文
CHEN Lu;WANG Xiu-bin;ZHU Rui-li;MAO Lin-lin;SUN Jing-wen(Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Beijing 100081,China.)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期392-402,共11页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200500)
国家自然科学基金项目(31972514)。
关键词
磷肥减施
小麦产量
酶活性
微生物群落
种肥同播
reduced phosphorus fertilizer
wheat yield
enzyme activity
microbial community
seed and fertilizer sown together
