摘要
【目的】针对长江流域冬小麦不合理施肥带来的肥料利用率低的现状,探讨冬小麦产量分布特征及施用氮、磷和钾肥料的增产效应,为长江流域冬小麦肥料减施增效和优化养分管理措施提供依据。【方法】本文数据来源于国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)于2000—2018年在我国长江流域开展的田间试验,以及在中国知网(CNKI)数据库通过检索字段或字段组合(冬小麦、冬小麦+产量及冬小麦产量+肥料利用率等)得到的此期间关于长江流域冬小麦田间试验的论文,共1732个田间试验。试验处理包括:优化施肥处理,农民习惯施肥,以及在优化施肥和农民习惯施肥基础上的不施氮肥、不施磷肥和不施钾肥处理,以探究长江流域各省(市)(四川、云南、贵州、重庆、湖北、安徽、江苏、浙江和上海)冬小麦在优化施肥下的可获得产量、产量反应、相对产量、农学效率和偏生产力特征。【结果】我国长江流域冬小麦优化施肥处理下的平均产量为6.6 t·hm^-2,其中安徽省平均产量水平最高,为7.3 t·hm^-2,重庆市最低,为3.6 t·hm^-2。施用氮、磷和钾肥的平均产量反应分别为2.3、0.9和0.6 t·hm^-2,但变异范围较大。氮、磷和钾肥平均相对产量分别为0.6、0.8和0.9,氮是小麦产量的主要限制因子。优化施肥处理的氮、磷和钾肥的平均农学效率分别为12.6、11.6和7.7 kg·kg^-1,平均偏生产力分别为34.0、78.9和73.4 kg·kg^-1。与农民习惯施肥措施相比,优化施肥处理平均增产0.5 t·hm^-2,增幅为8.8%;氮、磷、钾肥的农学效率分别提高了41.1%、121.1%和84.6%;偏生产力分别提高了42.4%、23.5%和25.4%。【结论】优化施肥有效提高了长江流域冬小麦的产量和养分利用率,但各省(市)间存在一定差异且省(市)内变异较大。四川、云南、湖北和江苏省的部分地区具有较低的产量反应,说明具有较高的土壤养分供应,应因地制宜地制定养�
【Objective】Aiming to the low nutrient use efficiency caused by unreasonable fertilization of winter wheat in the Yangtze Valley,this study summarized the yield distribution characteristics of each province in the Yangtze Valley and the stimulation effect of applying nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the application fertilizer of winter wheat in the Yangtze Valley and improving nutrient management strategies.【Method】The data of field experiments in this paper were derived from field experiments conducted by the International Institute of Plant Nutrition(IPNI)in China’s Yangtze Valley from 2000 to 2018,as well as published papers on wheat field trials from 2000 to 2018 obtained by searching key words(winter wheat,winter wheat+yield,winter wheat yield+fertilizer utilization,etc.)in CNKI database,totally 1732 field trials.The experimental treatment included optimized fertilization treatment,farmers practices,and none nitrogen,none phosphorus and none potassium treatments based on these two treatments,which was used to explore the characteristics of attainable yield,yield response,relative yield,agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of winter wheat under optimized fertilization in the Yangtze Valley(Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou,Chongqing,Hubei,Anhui,Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai)【.Result】For all the data,the average yield of winter wheat in the Yangtze Valley under optimal fertilization treatment was 6.6 t·hm^-2,of these,Anhui province had the highest average yield with 7.3 t·hm^-2,and the lowest average yield with 3.6 t·hm^-2 in Chongqing.The average yield response of N,P and K fertilizer application were 2.3,0.9 and 0.6 t·hm^-2,respectively,but there were significant differences among provinces.The average relative yield of N,P and K were 0.6,0.8 and 0.9,respectively.The average agronomic efficiency of N,P and K were 12.6,11.6 and 7.7 kg·kg^-1,respectively,and the average partial productivity were 34.0,78.9 and 73.4 kg·kg^-1,r
作者
黄晓萌
刘晓燕
串丽敏
杨兰芳
何萍
王秀斌
仇少君
赵士诚
徐新朋
HUANG XiaoMeng;LIU XiaoYan;CHUAN LiMin;YANG LanFang;HE Ping;WANG XiuBin;QIU ShaoJun;ZHAO ShiCheng;XU XinPeng(Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第17期3541-3552,共12页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200502,2016YFD0200101)
国家自然科学基金项目(31801938)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132019022)
中国农业科学院-国际植物营养研究所植物营养创新研究联合实验室国际交流与合作研究(1610132019047)。
关键词
长江流域
冬小麦
产量反应
肥料利用率
Yangtze Valley
winter wheat
yield response
nutrient use efficiency
