摘要
3D打印技术的发展将带来个性化定制的兴盛。在此背景下,个人实施专利成果的门槛,将随着低成本、高还原、难追查的个性化定制而逐渐降低,从而导致专利侵权的泛滥。但过强的专利权保护,亦将阻碍社会发展和科技进步。因此,作为维护公私利益平衡的专利合理使用制度将得到重视,并受3D打印的影响产生新的需求。而作为受影响最大的个人非营利性实施专利规则,其在新需求下的具体适用直接决定了合理使用目标的达成。然而,该规则在中国法律中仍是空白。所以,应结合欧美先进经验,通过在专利法中增设相关条款的方式,以来促进以3D打印为代表的颠覆性技术创新在中国的发展。
The development of 3D printing would bring about the prosperity of the personalized customization. Accordingly, the threshold for individuals to implement patents may be reduced by the personalized customization which are low-cost, high-reduction and difficult-to-trace, so as to cause the uncontrollable patent infringements. However, the protection to patents may be too strong to promote the social development and technological progress. Hence, the fair use of patents, as a balance between public and private interests, which would be refocused and generate new demands in the light of 3D printing. In the meantime, the private and non-commercial use that is the most affected rule of fair use, would determine whether the fair use would achieve its objective according to the new demands mentioned before. Nevertheless, this rule is still a gap of China’s patent law. Therefore, it should study on the related experience of legal systems of Europe and the United States and improve China’s relevant legislations, in order to promote the development of the disruptive technological innovation in this nation.
作者
刘迪
LIU Di(Shanghai International College of Intellectual Property,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)
出处
《中国发明与专利》
2019年第1期74-83,共10页
China Invention & Patent
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目"3D打印产业发展涉及的知识产权问题研究"(14AZD105)
浙江省社会科学界联合会研究课题一般项目"第四次工业革命视域下的专利权限制研究"(2019N06)
浙江省高校重大人文社科攻关计划青年重点项目"浙江知识产权强省建设路径研究--以知识产权密集型产业为视阙"(2018QN026)
