摘要
运动经验在对专项动作的结果进行预期判断的过程中发挥了重要的作用,但是目前对于运动经验如何调节和处理知觉预判过程中对不同线索的提取和加工尚不清晰。将74名被试按乒乓球运动经验和水平分为高水平组、业余组和对照组,要求其根据所呈现视频判断乒乓球发球落点,记录并分析3组被试在不同时间条件与线索条件下对发球落点的预判正确率,探讨经验水平在知觉预判中对线索利用与依赖的特征。结果显示:在仅有动作线索条件下,高水平组的预判正确率显著高于业余组和对照组;在出现飞行线索后,具有专项经验的高水平组和业余组表现出高于对照组的预判正确率。当观察视频中的飞行线索与动作线索不一致时,高水平组和业余组的正确率比对照组受干扰程度更大。表明:具有专项运动经验的专家选手较无经验新手具有预判优势,他们在预判过程中对动作线索的利用率更高,而且依赖性更强;同时,高水平乒乓球选手,相比业余组选手的知觉预判同样存在一定的优势,优势发生的时间主要集中在动作线索的早期,优势产生主要源于高水平组相比业余组,其对动作的内部模型更加完善和成熟,对动作线索的提取和加工速度更快。
The importance of the expertise in action anticipation has been investigated in previous studies.However,it is still not clear how experts select and utilize different kinds of cues during the anticipation.Seventy-four table tennis players were grouped into three groups,including the elites group,the amateur group and the control group,according to their table tennis training experience and skill level.Participants were presented with short video-clips of serve that were partially occluded and probably congruence or incongruence within the body kinematic cue and ball flight cue.The task was to judge whether the ball would land on left or right side and the accuracy was analyzed.The results showed that when the video-clips were occluded before the ball-bat contact,the elites group performed a better accuracy performance than the other two groups.While when the ball cue was observed in the video,both the elites group and the amateur group showed a better performance than the control group.Also,comparing with the control group,in the incongruence condition,the accuracy in both the elites group and the amateur group were decreased.This leads us to argue that experts(both elites and amateur)had the anticipatory advantage than the non-experience individuals.They mainly utilized the body cue to anticipate the outcome,while the non-experience individuals needed the ball cue to make the anticipation.Also,the experience levels of the experts(both elites and amateur)moderated the utilization function in perceptual anticipation.
作者
陆颖之
王莹莹
赵琦
周成林
LU Yingzhi;WANG Yingying;ZHAO Qi;ZHOU Ghenglin(School of Kinesiology,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)
出处
《天津体育学院学报》
CAS
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第1期33-38,共6页
Journal of Tianjin University of Sport
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:31571151
31700985)
关键词
觉预判
乒乓球
动作线索
飞行线索
perceptual anticipation
table tennis
body cue
ball cue
