摘要
人是现代民法制度设计的基础和主要保护对象,强调对人的尊重和保护是现代法治文明的主要标志。人工智能机器人的出现不但对现有的社会主体构造和社会关系造成很大冲击,而且对传统的以自然人为核心的民事主体制度也提出了严重挑战。但无论从哲学角度还是从法学角度,都不应当赋予机器人以与人相同的法律主体地位。其原因不仅在于机器人作为人类活动的结果其本身并不具有与周围环境交互影响的内在感知能力,因此并无与自然人类似的基于内心观察(认识)、判断、选择等一系列复杂行为所构成的意思能力,而且更在于机器人就其生成机理来说不可能产生生命和生命权,也没有作为责任承担主体所必备的道德、良心、良知、伦理、宗教、规矩和习惯。因此如果仓促确认机器人的独立民事主体资格,有可能给人类带来灾难性的后果。为了保证机器人的健康发展,一方面应当充分肯定科学技术对社会发展的巨大促进作用,并利用良好的法律制度为机器人的进一步提档升级留下足够的发展空间;另一方面则应确立人类优先和社会公共利益优先之理念,突出利益平衡要求,在充分考虑中国国情的基础上,建构符合中国国情需要的人工智能法律制度体系。
Human beings are the subjects of protection in modern civil law,as stressing respect and protection for human beings is a major sign of modern law governance civilization.The advent of artificial intelligence robots has exerted much impact on social subject construction and social relationships;also,it poses much challenge to traditional civil subject institution with natural humans as core.It is argued that robots should never be rendered equal legal subject status as mankind regardless of philosophy or law,for robots do not interact with their environments inherently and they lack the abilities of complex acts based on natural humans'observation(realization),judgment and selection;also,they do not have life and life right as judged from their mechanism,and they do not possess the responsibility-bearers'morality,conscience,ethics,religion,manners and habits.As a consequence,if we acknowledge robots'independent civil subject qualifications,disasters may visit human beings.In the present days,we should develop China-based artificial intelligence legal system so as to promote scientific advancement and prioritize public interests.
出处
《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2018年第3期147-167,共21页
Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Science
关键词
人工智能
机器人
法律地位
法律规制
artificial intelligence
robot
legal status
legal restraint
