摘要
国际制度竞争根源于国内制度实践,中美欧是气候变化全球治理的主要谈判方,三者关于气候变化全球治理的制度倡议都源于其内部减排制度的实践。欧盟内部形成了总量控制与排放贸易的减排制度,美国国内形成了基于自由市场哲学的地方排放交易制度,中国国内形成了"国家—发展型"减排制度。三种制度的形成都受到各自政治、经济和文化传统的深刻影响。这种制度差异传导至气候外交领域,使欧盟侧重于建立全球总量控制和约束性减排机制;美国倾向于建立完全基于市场竞争的减排制度;中国则主张以"共同但有区别的责任"原则建立多元共生的减排体系,且不挤压发展中国家的发展空间。这些政策差异成为三方关于气候变化全球治理制度竞争的基础,而制度竞争也反映在气候变化全球治理制度的发展过程中。从理论上看,三方围绕气候变化全球治理的制度竞争体现了国内制度与国际制度的密切关系。由此说明,在研究中将比较政治与全球治理相结合具有合理性。
Competitions in international regimes building are based on domestic practices. Since the EU, the United States, and China are the main actors in global climate governance, initiatives they have proposed are rooted in their domestic emissions reduction regimes. The EU adopts the cap and trade approach; the United States promote a market-oriented local emissions trading regime; and China incorporates its emission reduction goals into national development schemes. The three regimes are influenced by their respective political, economic, and cultural factors, and the differences are also shown in the three parties' climate diplomacy. While Brussels makes the case for a global cap and trade regime, the United States prefers a market-oriented regime and China advocated building a regime based on the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities," respecting the national conditions of developing countries. The institutional competition in global climate governance is the result of different policy preference, and has been manifested in the three parties' respective efforts of regime building. Theoretically, the competition reflects the close interactions between domestic institutions and international regimes, which justifies the research methodology of combining comparative politics and global governance.
出处
《国际展望》
CSSCI
2018年第2期91-111,共21页
Global Review
基金
北京市社科基金一般项目"中国在气候变化全球治理转型中的作用研究"(17ZGB009)的阶段性成果
关键词
制度竞争
气候变化
全球治理
比较政治
气候外交
regime building competition
climate change
global governance
comparative politics
climate diplomacy
