摘要
19世纪上半期,美国国内以地域为基础的贸易保护和自由贸易两大政治联盟围绕关税政策进行了激烈的斗争,从而导致美国早期的关税政策呈现一种"钟摆式"的摇晃。19世纪中期的南北战争之后,美国逆"国际潮流"而动,彻底进入了一个贸易保护主义的新时代。这对美国第二次工业革命具有重要的意义。美国关税保护政策的最终形成和巩固是贸易保护联盟在国会政治中全面获胜的结果,而背后的根源在于一个统一的国内市场形成之后,经济要素逐渐从传统支持自由贸易的农业流向支持贸易保护的制造业,这决定性地改变了国会中贸易政治联盟的力量对比,贸易保护联盟彻底战胜自由贸易联盟,推动美国的关税政策走向全面的贸易保护主义。
In the first half of the 19th century,a violent competition concerning tariff policy occurred in the United States among two region-based political coalitions,for trade protection and free trade respectively.This debate had created a pendulum's movement in the early tariff policy of the U.S.After the civil war in the mid-19th century,the U.S.,adverse to the then'global trend',migrated into a new era of trade protectionism,which was of great significance for the second industrial revolution in the U.S.The forming and consolidation of the U.S.tariff protection policy was the result of the victory of the coalition for trade protection in the Congress.And the ultimate reason lied in the fact that a national unified market in the U.S.had pushed economic factors from agriculture in preference for free trade to manufacturing sectors that supported trade protection.It was this fact that had fundamentally changed the distribution of forces among trade coalitions in the Congress.In this way,trade protection coalition defeated free trade coalition,thus moving the U.S.tariff policy to comprehensive trade protectionism.
出处
《美国问题研究》
CSSCI
2009年第1期159-181,223,共26页
Fudan American Review
