摘要
在早期人力资本形成和人力资本代际传递的文献中,对家庭内部的人力资本投资的关注越来越多,而在经济学的实证研究中却较少关注教养方式。文章基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010年,2012年和2014年的数据,研究父母的教养方式对青少年人力资本形成状况的影响,主要的因变量为孩子的学习成绩和心理健康水平这两个变量。我们借鉴心理学主流文献,从"要求"和"反应性"两个维度衡量父母的教养方式,并进一步将其划分为权威型、专制型、溺爱型和忽视型四种教养方式类型。我们发现,父母对孩子的要求程度和反应性程度都对孩子的学习成绩有正向的影响,而心理健康则只与父母的反应程度正相关。对于孩子的学习成绩和心理健康而言,在四种教养方式类型中,权威型都是最好的教养方式,在对可能存在的内生性问题进行了控制后结果仍稳健。且分别以性别和城乡为依据进行了分样本回归,发现教养方式对男孩作用更显著,农村孩子的学习成绩受父母要求和反应性的双重影响,城市子女的心理健康受教养方式影响显著。
In the literature on early formation of human capital and the intergenerational correlation of human capital,there is more and more attention to human capital investment within the household by parents’ behavior and interaction with children,while the parenting style has received less attention in empirical economic studies. This paper attempts to fill in this blank by examining the impact of the parenting style on adolescent cognitive and non-cognitive abilities. Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS,2010 to 2014),and drawing on the mainstream literature of psychology,we select relevant questions and construct two continuous variables that measure the variance on two different dimensions:'demandingness' and 'responsiveness'. Further,we divide the parenting style into four types according to the existing practices in the literature:authoritative,authoritarian,permissive and neglecting. As a dependent variable,we use academic performance to measure children’s cognitive abilities,and use the standard CES-D scale as a measure of children’s mental health,which is a proxy variable for non-cognitive abilities. In the regression analysis,we use the leave-out averages of the two dimensions of the parenting style in the community as the instrumental variables. For the first time,we make use of the instrumental variable method to control the possible endogeneity problem. We find that the degree of parental demandingness and the degree of responsiveness both have a positive impact on children’s academic performance,while only the responsiveness has a significantly positive effect on children’s mental health. High demandingness may not be conducive to children’s mental health development. As for the comparison of the four types of the parenting style,we find that for children’s academic performance and mental health,the authoritative type is the best. On the basis of the benchmark regression,we also try a different measurement of academic achievement to verify the robustness of the conclusion. In
作者
张皓辰
秦雪征
Zhang Haochen;Qin Xuezheng(School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第2期46-58,共13页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71573003)
北京市社会科学基金研究基地项目(16JDLJB001)
关键词
教养方式
人力资本
学习成绩
心理健康
parenting style
human capital
academic performance
mental health
