摘要
视觉注意和眼动追踪是近年来运动心理学研究的热点领域,其中静眼研究是前沿课题。文章首先介绍了静眼的界定和测量、静眼与运动表现的关系、静眼的作用机制、静眼训练等研究进展,指出了存在的问题和下一步的方向;讨论了值得重点关注的3个方向:静眼的机制,静眼与注意控制理论、挑战—威胁认知评价理论、自我控制的力量模型等相关理论的关系,以及静眼在医疗、航空、军事等非运动领域中的研究和应用。动作控制与视觉追踪密不可分,研究静眼问题有助于更深入了解动作发展的规律,帮助运动员高效掌握运动技能,并促进压力条件下的运动表现。运动领域中静眼研究的范式还能够为军事、医学等领域中的静眼研究及应用提供借鉴,有利于拓宽心理学的研究领域。
The use of eye tracking technology to index visual attention has become more prevalent in sport psychology, with the quiet eye concept being a particular measure of interest. In this paper we first review （ 1 ） the definition and measurement of quiet eye, （2） its relationship with performance, （3） the proposed mechanisms underpinning the benefits of quiet eye, and （4） the utility of quiet eye training. Then we outline future research questions which will further our understanding, for example, exploring the neural mechanism of quiet eye, and testing theoretically - driven questions related to quiet eye （ e. g. , attentional control theory, challenge - threat cognitive appraisal theory, the strength model of self - control, etc. ）. We also explore how quiet eye research might be broadened to other fields ; both in terms of theoretical interest （ e. g. , applied psychology and motor control and development） , and to other areas of application （e. g. , medicine, aviation, military）. Quiet eye research could be applied outside of the laboratory to help athletes acquire sport skills efficiently, and maintain performance under pressure. The protocol of quiet eye research in sport could also be reference of research and application in non - sport areas ; and therefore quiet eye research would be helpful in broadening research fields of psychology.
作者
孙国晓
张力为
Mark R.Wilson
SUN Guoxiao;ZHANG Liwei;Mark R.WILSON(Shandong University,Jinan Shandong 250061;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084;Univerisity of Exeter,EX1 2LU)
出处
《成都体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第6期110-115,共6页
Journal of Chengdu Sport University
基金
国家社会科学基金“运动员竞赛压力下任务目标导向的注意控制研究”(15BTY082)
山东酋社会科学项目“大学生手机成瘾的认知＋运动干预研究”(18DTYJ02)
山东大学基本科研业务费专项资金资助“心理疲劳对注意控制的影响：行为学和ERP的证据”(2017GN0024).
关键词
视觉注意
眼动追踪
静眼
动作控制
运动表现
visual attention
eye tracking
quiet eye
motor control
sport performance
