摘要
鲁班窑石窟位于武周川水西岸,东距云冈石窟约700米。据其洞窟形制及造像风格判断,为云冈石窟早、中期作品,是云冈石窟群的重要组成部分。辽代重修该窟,明代窟顶曾筑有烽火台,具有较高的历史文化及艺术价值。该石窟的地理环境及岩石特性与云冈石窟相似,其病害调查及保护研究对于云冈石窟的保护具有一定的借鉴意义。2015年以来,相关专业团队曾两次对该石窟展开实地调研。经调查发现,由于长期暴露于外,且无人看管,石窟处于半坍塌状态,尤以第3窟最为严重,窟顶塌陷,洞窟内存在废土及石块堆积问题。鲁班窑石窟整体病害情况较为严重,主要存在风化、危岩体、窟顶砌体堆积及岩体破碎等问题。基于实地调查及已有的工程实验结果,建议在"最小干预"和"不改变文物原状"的原则下,采用裂隙灌浆、预应力锚杆加固、钢梁支顶防护、混凝土浇铸及窟檐搭建等措施治理病害。
Lubanyao grotto is located on the west side of Wuzhou River, 700 meters east of Yungang grottoes. According to the style of its caves and Buddhist statues, the cave should be dug during the early and middle period of Yungang grottoes, and was an important part of them. The cave was repaired during the Liao dynasty and there used to be a beacon tower on its top in the Ming dynasty, indicating a rather high cultural and artistic value of the cave. The geographical setting and rock properties of the cave are similar to those of Yungang grottoes, so its disease investigation and protection study will offer valuable reference to the protection of Yungang grottoes. Researchers have conducted two investigations on the cave since 2015. Because of long-term exposure, the cave is at a risk of collapse, especially the third cave whose top is broken and is filled with wastes and stones. The overall condition of Lubanyao grotto has many problems： weathering, dangerous rocks, masonry piles on the top, broken rocks, etc. On the basis of field investigations and experiment, this article proposes, on the principle of ＂least intervention＂ and ＂keeping the relics＇ original condition＂, several measures dealing with the diseases including fissure grouting, pre-stressed bolt support, bolstering the roof with steel, concrete casting system and roof building.
作者
孙瑜
闫宏彬
张志忠
Sun Yu,Yan Hongbin,Zhang Zhizhong
出处
《中国国家博物馆馆刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第9期148-156,共9页
Journal of National Museum of China
基金
2016年山西省教育厅人文社会科学重点研究基地项目"北魏以降晋北中小佛教石窟寺调查研究"(项目编号:2016327)
2015年山西省教学改革项目"高校应用转型视野下文物保护技术专业课程体系建设研究"(项目编号:SJG2015204)
2017年山西省教学改革项目"文物保护技术专业人才培养体系建设研究"(项目编号:J2017098)研究成果
关键词
鲁班窑石窟
云冈石窟
病害调查
保护研究
Lubanyao grotto
Yungang grottoes
diseases investigation
protection study
