摘要
在长期自然营力作用、生物因素和人类活动的共同影响下,石质文物尤其是露天石窟寺普遍存在多种类型病害,严重威胁着其长久保存和永续利用。本文系统总结了石质文物生物退化与生物风化的研究热点、方法技术和最新进展,详细描述了细菌、真菌、藻类、地衣等微生物多样性及其介导的石质文物生物风化过程和损害机制,深入讨论了影响微生物定殖、生物被膜演替及微生物退化的关键因素,并简要回顾了新型功能纳米材料与微生物矿化技术在有害微生物防控及石质文物保护修复方面的研究现状和应用前景,提出了当前石质文物微生物研究中亟需解决的科学问题并展望了未来重点研究方向,以期进一步提升文物保护领域对石质文物风化的科学认知,为加强石质文物保护的技术水平与可持续管理提供参考和借鉴。
Under the combined influence of long-term natural forces,biological factors and human activities,many of the stone cultural heritage sites in China have severely deteriorated,sometimes to a point that seriously threatens their preservation and continued use.This paper summarizes the research topics,methods and techniques,recent advancements,and current state of research on the microbial biodeterioration and bioweathering of Chinese stone cultural relics.The study begins with a detailed look at the microbial diversity,biological weathering processes and damage mechanisms caused and mediated by microorganisms including bacteria,fungi,algae,lichen and other microbiota.An additional discussion of factors closely related to microbial colonization,biofilm formation and succession,and microbial deterioration is also provided.In response to the above biological conditions,the study gives an overview of the current status and prospects for the application of new biological nanomaterials and biomineralization techniques that could be used to control or counteract the microbial deterioration of stone relics.Finally,the researchers pose several scientific questions that are crucial to the current state of these relics,in the hope that the answers to these questions will guide future research in preserving this valuable but endangered source of cultural heritage.The future prospects of these relics depends on the timely and effective application of new technological conservation methods;this paper provides a comprehensive review of the conditions that must be addressed,the prospects of several feasible preservation methods,and the areas of study that currently require urgent attention.
作者
武发思
李洁
WU Fasi;LI Jie(National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites,Dunhuang Academy,Dunhuang 736200,China;Key Scientific Research Base for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings of NCHA,Dunhuang 736200,China;Gansu Provincial Research Center for Conservation of Dunhuang Cultural Heritage,Dunhuang 736200,China)
出处
《石窟与土遗址保护研究》
2022年第4期14-33,共20页
Research On The Conservation Of Cave Temples And Earthen Sites
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32060258)
甘肃省科技计划项目(21JR11RA218)
中共甘肃省委组织部2022年度省级重点人才项目
甘肃省文物保护科学和技术研究课题(GWJ202229)
关键词
文化遗产
石窟寺
生物风化
生物退化
多组学
文物保护
cultural heritage
cave temples
bioweathering
biodeterioration
multi-omics
cultural heritage conservation
