摘要
This study was carried out in paddy fields to explore how organic manure applications would affect greenhouse emissions in South China. The results showed that the seasonal emission of CH4 under the chemical fertilizer （CF） treatment was 271.47 kg/hm^2. In comparison, the seasonal emissions of CH4 under the treatment of pig manure （PM）, chicken manure （CM） and rice straw （RS） increased by 50.61,260.22 and 602.82 kg/hm^2, respectively. N2O emission under the CF treatment was 1.22 kg/hm^2, while the N20 seasonal emissions under tile PM, CM and RS treatment decreased by 23.6% （P〈0.05）, 31.7% （P〈0.05） and 30.9% （P〈0.05）, respectively. Meanwhile, the readily oxidized organic carbon （which was oxidized by 167 mmol/L potassium permanganate, ROC167） of manure, paddy soil Eh value and temperature could also affect the CH4 emissions. The average yield of the organic fertilizer treatments increased by 6.8% compared with that of the CF treatment. Among all the organic fertilizer treatments, the PM treatment offered the lowest global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity, in which the PM was of no significant difference from NF （no fertilizing） and CF. Therefore, the pig manure is capable of coordinating the relationship between environment and yield, and it also has a low ROC167 content, so the PM is considered worthy of recommendation.
为研究有机肥等碳施入稻田对温室气体排放的影响,设置猪粪、鸡粪和稻草分别与化肥混施处理,利用静态箱法-气相色谱仪监测稻田甲烷(CH_4)和氧化亚氮(N_2O)排放通量并进行分析。结果表明,化肥处理(CF)CH_4季节排放总量为271.47 kg/hm^2,猪粪(PM)、鸡粪(CM)和稻草(RS)处理的CH_4排放分别比CF处理增加50.61、260.22和602.82 kg/hm^2;CF处理N_2O排放为1.22 kg/hm^2,PM、CM和RS处理的N_2O排放分别比CF处理减少23.6%(P<0.05)、31.7%(P<0.05)和30.9%(P<0.05);CH_4季节排放通量与土壤Eh值呈极显著负相关关系,与土壤温度呈极显著正相关关系;肥料中被167 mmol/L高锰酸钾氧化的有机碳(ROC_(167))显著影响稻田CH_4排放,与稻田CH_4总量的相关系数为0.872(P<0.05)。施有机肥处理水稻平均产量比CF处理增加6.8%;不同有机肥中,以PM处理的增温潜势和温室气体排放强度最小,与不施肥和CF处理无显著性差异。可见,猪粪能较好的协调环境与产量之间的关系,并含有低含量的ROC_(167),是值得推荐的施肥方式。
基金
国家自然科学基金(31300413)
国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD11B02)
湖南省自然科学基金(2017JJ2146)~~
