摘要
采用静态箱/气相色谱(GC)法研究了等氮量的肥料施用以及环境因子对农田土壤CO2和N2O排放的影响。结果表明,肥料施用对农田土壤CO2排放的季节模式无明显影响,但是影响了N2O的季节模式。有机肥施用促进了小麦季土壤CO2和N2O的排放,后作玉米季施用化肥的情况下,有机肥处理的土壤CO2与对照没有显著的差异,N2O排放通量和对照差异显著。虽然是等氮量施入,由于牛粪中有机碳和氮的可降解性要低于猪粪,施入土壤后对土壤中CO2和N2O排放的影响也要低于猪粪处理。除了受肥料施用的影响外,土壤CO2和N2O的排放还受环境因子如土壤温度和土壤水分的影响,相关分析结果表明,土壤CO2排放与大气温度、地表温度、土壤温度和土壤水分均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。土壤N2O排放只在对照处理中与土壤水分相关显著(P<0.05),施肥处理中,肥料效应掩盖了土壤温度和水分效应,使得相关性并不显著。
Agricultural management such as fertilizer or manure application has a substantial influence on CO2 and N2O emissions and, by understanding this influence, we may devise management strategies to reduce them. A field experiment was conducted at yucheng comprehensive experimental station, the Chinese academy of science during 2003 to 2004, to investigate effects of different fertilizations on CO2 and N2O emissions. The treatments included control without fertilizer, swine manure and cattle manure. The fluxes of CO2 and N2O were collected and analyzed by static-chamber/gas chromatograph （GC） method. The results showed that during wheat-maize growth season, CO2 fluxes in all treatments presented a similar seasonal variation tendency with soil temperature, while N2O fluxes demonstrated different patterns. Organic fertilizer treatment increased CO2 and N2O fluxes significantly in wheat growth season, while chemical fertilizer in maize growth season had little effect on CO2 flux but had significant effect on N2O fluxes with swine and cattle manure treatments. The different effects of swine manure and cattle manure on gas fluxes were related with their composition and degradability in soil. Swine manure had more CO2 and N2O emissions due to its rich in degradable C and N than cattle manure. Except for fertilization, greenhouse gas fluxes were also influenced by environmental factors, such as soil temperature and soil moisture. Correlation analysis showed the significant relationship between CO2 emissions and temperature and soil water contents were observed. But significant correlation was found only between soil N2O flux and soil water contents in control treatment. In other treatments, fertilization effect overrides environmental factors. Therefore, no significant relationship was found between soil N2O fluxes and environmental factors.
出处
《农业环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第5期913-918,共6页
Journal of Agro-Environment Science
基金
重大基础研究(973)前期专项研究资助(2003CCB001)
