摘要
中国的儿童保护问题深受儒家文化影响,特别强调家庭的保护责任。新中国建立后,中国的儿童保护政策受到社会政治制度的深刻影响,建立起补缺型的儿童福利政策,政府对家庭少有支持。改革开放后,儿童福利政策从补缺型逐步向适度普惠型转变。近年来,儿童保护强制报告制度、替代性照顾制度的法律设定,监护权转移的司法实践以及民间非营利组织的积极参与,促成了中国儿童保护政策和实践的迅速发展。但目前中国的儿童保护仍然面临一系列问题:没有权威系统的儿童保护法(或儿童福利法),缺乏国家授权的权威部门主导,受中国传统文化影响在具体实施时公权力较难介入家庭私域,强制报告和替代性照顾制度没有具体的落实和跟进,国家行政权力与民间机构的力量缺乏协调整合等,制约了儿童保护政策的进一步发展。构建以家庭为中心的儿童保护政策,从结构性要素和技术性要素两方面全面推进儿童保护政策的发展,是中国儿童保护体系建构的重要途径。
Children protection in China, deeply influenced by Confucian culture, lays special emphasis on the responsibility of family protection. After the establishment of the People＇s Republic of China, children protection policy was deeply influenced by the social and political system. The compensatory children welfare policy system was set up, giving very limited support for the family. After the reform and opening up, the children welfare policy has been gradually developed from the compensatory system to the moderate universal benefit system. Particularly in the recent few years, the legal implementation of compulsory reporting policy, the alternative care system, the judicial practice of guardianship transfer system, and the active participation of nongovernmenlal organizations have jointly contributed to the rapid development of China＇s children protection policy and practice. However, the children protection in China is still facing a series of challenges： There is no authoritative system of children Protection Law （or children Welfare law）; there is still a lack of state-mandated authoritative leading sector. With the influence of traditional Chinese culture, public power has difficulties in intervening in the family＇s private domain in the implementation process. The mandatory reporting and alternative care system has no specific implementation guides and there are no follow-up procedures with the two policies. Also, the poor coordination and integration of the governmental and nongovernmental sectors restricts the further development of children protection policy. Therefore, it is important to establish a family- centered children protection policy in China. To achieve this goal, it is pivotal to promote the structural and applicable children protection policy.
作者
赵芳
徐艳枫
陈虹霖
ZHAO Fang;XU Yanfeng;CHEN Honglin(Social Work Department,Fudan university,Shanghai,200433,China;School of Social Work,Maryland University,Biltmore,21201,America)
出处
《社会工作与管理》
2018年第5期67-77,共11页
Social Work and Management
关键词
儿童保护
政策分析
体系建构
Child protection
policy analysis
system construction
