摘要
《民法总则》第109条规定了人身自由和人格尊严,使这两个宪法规定的公民基本权利发生了权利性质的转化,由公权利转变为私权利,人身自由权成为具体人格权,人格尊严成为一般人格权。在此之前,《民法通则》没有这样规定,其后在理论上和实务上进行了长期的准备,通过司法解释方法确认其为私法上的民事权利。《民法总则》顺应时代的要求作出了这样的规定,使人身自由权和人格尊严实现了性质的转变。在人身自由权和人格尊严实现了私权利化之后,再前进一步,对于那些宪法和其他法律规定的公权利,在具备公民基本权利能够为自然人作为民事主体所享有,公民基本权利被私权利化后有相应的民事主体作为义务主体,公民基本权利中具有民事利益的内容和公民基本权利受到损害后有民法上的救济措施的要件时,就可以认可其具有私权利的性质,通过民法规定的保护方法对其提供保护,使民事主体的权利得到更好的保护。
Article 109 of the General Provisions of Civil Law stipulates the personal freedom and the personal dignity so that the two fundamental rights of citizens prescribed by Constitution have undergone the conversion from the public right to the private right. The right of personal freedom has become the specific personality right,and the right of personal dignity has become general personality right. Before the enactment of the General Provisions of Civil Law,the General Principles of Civil Law did not provide such provisions. And then,in theory and practice for a long-term preparation,through the judicial interpretation method,we confirm that they are private civil rights. The General Provisions of Civil Law conform to the requirements of the times and make such provisions. It represents the realization of the change in the nature of personal freedom and personal dignity. After personal freedom and personal dignity have been privatized,personal rights and interests will be taken a step further. For those public rights prescribed by Constitution and other laws,as long as they meet four requirements,we can recognize the nature of private rights. The four requirements include： the basic rights of citizens can be enjoyed by natural person as civil subjects; the basic rights of citizens can be assumed obligations by civil subjects after becoming private rights; the basic rights of citizens have civil benefits; the basic rights have civil law relief measures if infringed. Through the protection methods stipulated by civil law,the rights of civil subjects can be better protected.
作者
杨立新
YANG Li-xin(School of Law,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)
出处
《现代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第3期3-14,共12页
Modern Law Science
基金
2015年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大科研课题"编纂我国民法典的重大问题研究"(15JJD820009)
关键词
人身自由权
人格尊严
公权利
私权利
转化
personal freedom
personal dignity
private right
public right
conversion
