摘要
现有城市经济学理论大多基于效率考虑,相关的目标往往表示为生产率、人均收入、效用的最大化或成本最小化。首先,本文创建了两个城镇化理论模型,一个是只考虑效用最大化或自由市场状况下的一般均衡模型,另一个则兼顾效率与(收入分配)公平。结果表明,当城镇内部的不均等足够小,或当移民成本足够大时,兼顾公平的城镇化水平高于自由市场均衡下的城镇化水平。接着,本文基于中国省级面板数据,对理论模型的预测进行检验,证实了理论模型的结论:其他条件不变,关注收入分配(即兼顾公平)的省市,其城镇化水平比不关注的要高两个百分点左右。最后,本文探讨从政府关注收入分配到城镇化水平的传导机制,发现关注收入分配问题,一方面促进了道路基础设施建设,从而减少了移民成本,另一方面带来了工业贷款的增加,从而通过工业化增加了移民的就业机会。二者都有助于推进城镇化。本文的理论和实证发现,发展中国家尤其是中国,应改变阻碍城镇化的观点和举措,以扭转效率和公平双输的结局。
Summary ： The rapid economic growth after China＇s opening up is undoubtedly related to its quest for maximum efficiency, but the issue of fairness has not been adequately addressed and resolved. Fairness has long been a major bottleneck restricting China＇s economic development. Urbanization has mirrored the steady growth phase of China＇s economy. Can we balance efficiency and fairness in this process？ Unfortunately, urban economic theory rarely considers the issue of income distribution. Both Krugman＇s new economic geography and Henderson＇s urban system theory focus on maximizing efficiency. However, neither studies the optimal level of urbanization nor considers the indicators of income distribution or inequality in the objective function. The literature on the optimal level of urbanization is sparse and urbanization studies that balance efficiency and equity are completely missing, even though many papers assume that there is an optimal urbanization rate or optimal urban system （Henderson, 2003; Au ＆ Henderson, 2006）. This paper contributes to the literature by filling these important gaps. First, we develop theoretical models of urbanization that shed light on the optimal levels of urbanization. We construct a laissez-faire urbanization model that does not consider distributional issues, followed by a socially optimal urbanization model that accounts for inequality. We use the social welfare function of Sen ＆ Foster （1997） , where equity is represented by the well-known relative income inequality measure, the Theil-L index. The corresponding optimal level of urbanization is then compared with what is optimal without equity considerations. In addition to these theoretical contributions, we provide empirical evidence that supports the predictions of our theoretical models. For this purpose, we construct a provincial level panel data set from China and estimate a set of regression models to evaluate the impact of equity considerations on the level of urbanization. Finally, we explore po
作者
罗知
万广华
张勋
李敬
LUO Zhi;WAN Guanghua;ZHANG Xun;LI Jing(Center for Economic Development Research,Wuhan University;Research Center for Economy of Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River,School of Economics,Chongqing Technology and Business University;School of Statistics,Beijing Normal University)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第7期89-105,共17页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目(项目批准号:13AJY006)
国家自然科学基金项目(项目批准号:71133004
71373186
71603026)的资助
关键词
城镇化
不均等
社会福利函数
收入分配
最优化
Urbanization
Income Inequality
Social Planner
Social Welfare Function
