摘要
联合国现有的内部安全管理系统对维和行动中安全风险的理解存在误区,局限于各种敌意的暴力行为,主张通过提升行动和技术能力予以应对,包括对各种暴力威胁进行主动出击和预防式打击。然而,在现实的维和环境中,威胁维和人员生命和健康的风险还包括各种事故、疾病和心理压力。需要全面考虑各种安全风险,进而有针对性地采取应对措施。此外,还需要超越技术层面认识维和行动中的暴力风险。近些年维和人员因暴力行为伤亡的人数显著增加,主要是因为联合国在一些没有和平可以维持的地方建立了强势维和行动。维和行动的根本属性是政治行动而非军事行动,无论是在政治意愿还是行动能力上都不具备开展军事行动的能力。应该将强势的建立和平从维和任务中剥离出来,必要时经安理会授权交给有能力的区域、次区域组织或者多国部队去完成,让维和行动回归和平的本质。应该改进对牺牲、伤残和重病维和人员的抚恤工作,包括引入商业保险。
The existing United Nations(UN) safety and security management system shows inadequate understanding about the safety and security risks in peacekeeping operations. It focuses on acts of violence against the UN and peacekeepers and insists on using overwhelming force and taking proactive and robust approach against the threats of violence. However,a comprehensive approach should be adopted to manage safety and security in peacekeeping operations because peacekeepers are also faced with various other risks and threats including accidents,illness and stress. Moreover,the safety and security management should go beyond technical and operational level because it is also affected by strategic and political factors. The significant increase of fatalities of peacekeepers in recent years is mainly due to the fact that the UN has established robust peacekeeping operations in places where there is no peace to keep. Peacekeeping is first and foremost a political operation rather than a military one. The UN lacks both political will and operational capabilities to fulfill the military tasks mandated to the ongoing robust peacekeeping operations. Robust peacemaking with heavy military tasks should be authorized by the UN Security Council to relevant regional and sub-regional organizations and multinational forces. The peacekeeper pension system should be reformed to allow all those that have sacrificed their lives or health for peace to receive more respect and care, including the introduction of safety and security insurance.
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期60-82,共23页
World Economics and Politics
基金
国家社科基金重大项目"中国参与联合国维和行动战略选择研究"(项目编号:16ZDA094)
国家社科基金军事学项目"联合国维和行动风险评估
应用及控制研究"(项目编号:15GJ003-297)
关键词
维和行动
安全风险
强势维和
联合国
peacekeeping operations
safety and security
robust peacekeeping
the United Nations
