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中国小麦收获环节损失有多高?——基于4省5地的实验调研 被引量:13

Wheat harvest loss in China——Based on experiments and surveys in 5 cities of 4 provinces
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摘要 受资源和环境的约束,通过减少粮食产后损失来保障粮食安全这一途径正日益受到人们的重视。文中基于田间实验和调查的方法,测算了河南、山东、河北和甘肃省4省5地及全国小麦收获环节的损失程度,分析了正常收获条件下导致小麦收获环节损失的主要因素,并模拟了不同情境下减少小麦收获损失的效果。主要研究结果如下:1)河南的两个实验点的小麦收获环节损失率分别为6.18%和1.99%,山东为1.22%,河北为1.42%,甘肃为2.21%。基于这些实验数据,推算出全国小麦收获环节的损失率为2.43%。2)采用先进的收割机型和优良的小麦品种,提高收割机手的操作水平能够显著降低小麦收获环节的损失。3)不同减损情景条件下的模拟结果显示,当小麦收获损失率降到2.03%、1.54%和1.25%时,能够分别节约51.42万t、114.41万t和151.69万t小麦,分别相当于节约了144.80万亩、322.19万亩和427.17万亩耕地。 Constrained to resources and environment,reducing the post-natal loss of grain for food safety has received increasing attention. In this study we measured the extent of wheat harvest loss in 5 cities of 4 provinces in China and the national average loss based on the field experiment and investigation,and analyzed the main factors that caused wheat harvest loss under normal harvest condition. In addition,the effects of reducing wheat harvest losses in different scenarios were simulated. The main results are were as follows. Firstly,the wheat harvest loss rates at two experimental sites in Henan province were 6. 18% and 1. 99%,respectively; it was 1. 22%in Shandong province,1. 42% in Hebei province,and 2. 21% in Gansu province. Based on those data,the national average wheat harvest loss rate was about 2. 43%. Secondly,it showed that the adoption of advanced harvest machine,excellent wheat varieties and more skilled harvester could significantly reduce the wheat harvest loss. Finally,the results of different scenarios of reducing wheat harvest loss showed that when the loss rate dropped to 2. 03%,1. 54% and 1. 25%,respectively,it could save 514. 2,1144. 1,and 1516. 9 thousand tons of wheat.
作者 曹芳芳 朱俊峰 郭焱 刘建垒 武拉平 CAO Fangfang;ZHU Junfeng;GUO Yan;LIU Jianlei;WU Laping(College of Eeonomies and Management, China Agrieultural University, Beijing 100083, China;Aeademy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing 100037, China)
出处 《干旱区资源与环境》 CSSCI CSCD 北大核心 2018年第7期7-14,共8页 Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment
基金 2015年度粮食行业公益性科研专项(201513004-2) 国家自然科学基金(批准号:71273262)资助
关键词 小麦收获环节损失率 粮食产后损失 田间实验测量 粮食安全 wheat harvest loss grain post harvest loss field experiment food safety
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