摘要
古代学术的主要派别儒、墨、道、法四家,都存在宇宙论的根源。从大的区分看,重德性、讲灵魂、尚礼仪的儒家是西方属天的学说,而重欲望、重生产、重法治的法家是东方属地的学说。因为东西方文明的相互影响,古代学说又呈现出复杂的样貌。从重欲望的派别衍生出强调求欲望之中的派别,如荀子,其既有儒家重德的特征,又有法家尚法的色彩;从重德性、尚礼仪之学则衍生出讲地仁、讲法仪的墨子。这两派总体上看当归入东方学术类型。从宇宙论的角度讲,道家老子学说是属天的学说,但作为东方学术类型,其所重视的是女性精神。因为是从绝地天通框架下发展而来,老子排斥地对人的支配性。
The main intellectual schools in early China, such as Confucianism, Moism, Daoism, and Legalism, could be interpreted that they originated from the different kind of cosmologies. First, they could be divided into two different types of schools, the western scholarship, such as Confucianism, and the eastern scholarship, such as Legalism. Confucianism considered the Heaven as the governor of the people, so they advocate the values of virtue, soul, and etiquette. Legalism considered the Earth as the governor of the people, so they respect the basic desire of the people, make great efforts to develop production, and rule the country according to law. Because of the interaction influences between the east and west civilizations, the ancient Chinese scholarship became very complicated. For example, Xunzi's theory not only has some ideas same as that of Confucianism, but also share some same idea with Legalism. It could be considered as originated from the Legalist who respected the basic desire of the people. Moist who classify the benevolence to the Earth and believe that the etiquette has the same effect as the law, is originated from Confucians. Totally speaking, the scholarship of Mozi and Xunzi belong to the eastern type of theory. In the view of cosmology,Laozi's thought belongs to the type which stands on the point that man should be manipulated by the Heaven, but as one kind of the eastern type of scholarship, the main value on which Laozi interested is based on the female spirit. Having been originated from the cosmology that the Heaven was separated from the Earth,Laozi refused to admit the Earth should control the people.
出处
《浙江社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第5期129-138,共10页
Zhejiang Social Sciences
关键词
宇宙论
古代学术
属天
属地
东西异学
cosmology
early Chinese scholarship
belonging to the heaven
belonging to the earth
different scholarship of the east and west
