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某钢铁企业女职工生殖健康状况及需求调查 被引量:3

Investigation on reproductive health status and occupational health needs of female workers in a steel enterprise
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摘要 [目的]了解钢铁企业女职工生殖健康状况,以及她们对国家女职工劳动保护政策和生殖健康知识的知晓情况,以保障和促进女职工生殖健康。[方法]采用横断面调查的方法,选取某钢铁企业机关后勤和五个主要生产部门2120名女职工作为研究对象。对女职工进行妇科体检,发放调查问卷,内容涉及对国家女职工劳动保护政策的了解、自身岗位接触有毒有害因素的知晓、对生殖健康知识的了解和需求。体检包括妇科常规检查、乳腺检查、白带检查、妇科B超和液基薄层细胞学检查。[结果]本次实检1790人,总受检率为84.43%。妇科检查发现乳腺小叶增生(检出率61.56%)、宫颈炎(检出率36.20%)和子宫肌瘤(检出率24.69%)是女性的多发妇科疾病,乳腺小叶增生、子宫肌瘤的检出率有随年龄增高而增高的趋势(P<0.05),宫颈炎的检出率有随年龄增高而降低的趋势(P<0.05)。接触职业病危害因素的生产部门女职工妇科体检的各项阳性率均高于机关后勤女职工,其中乳腺小叶增生、子宫肌瘤、宫颈炎、阴道炎检出率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。液基薄层细胞学检查阳性率为4.70%。超过一半(占56.87%)的女职工知晓自身岗位的职业病危害因素,但对国家有关劳动保护法律法规和女职工应享有的基本权利知晓率不高。女职工对本年龄段妇科常见病关注度较高,基本在70%以上。49.16%的女职工选择手机网络获得生殖健康有关的知识。[结论]接触职业病危害因素会对女职工的生殖健康产生不利影响,该企业女职工对国家有关女职工劳动保护法律法规了解不够。企业应加强相关法律法规培训,根据不同年龄段的女职工需求,普及生殖保健知识,定期进行常规妇科疾病的普查,切实保障女职工的生殖健康。 [Objective] To understand the reproductive health status of female workers in a steel enterprise,and to know their knowledge of both national labor protection policy and reproductive health,to ensure and promote the reproductive health of female workers. [Methods] Totally 2120 female workers in the logistic department and five major production departments in a steel enterprise were surveyed with questionnaires related to their issuance condition and awareness of national policy on female labor protection,the knowledge of occupational hazards they exposed to,and their needs for reproductive health knowledge. What's more,1790 females received the physical examination,including gynecological routine examination,breast examination,leucorrhea examination,gynecological B ultrasound and thinprep cytologic test(TCT). [Results] Totally 56.87% female workers knew the occupational hazards they exposed to,but less half of them fully knew the national laws and regulations concerning labor protection and their rights. More than 70% of them cared their age-related gynecological diseases,and 49.16% female workers got the information or knowledge by smartphone. Gynecological examination showed that common female gynecological diseases were lobular hyperplasia(61.56%),cervicitis(36.20%)and uterine fibroids(24.69%). The detection rate of mammary lobule hyperplasia and uterine fibroids had a tendency to increase with age(P 〈0.05),while the detection rate of cervicitis decreased with age(P 〈0.05). It seemed the females occupationally exposed to hazards in the production departments had higher detection rates than those in the logistic department,with the significant differences in the detection rates of mammary lobular hyperplasia,uterine fibroids,cervicitis and vaginitis(P 〈0.05). [Conclusion] The female workers in this enterprise had insufficient knowledge about the laws and regulations on labor protection of female workers,although the demand for reproductive health knowledge was high. Exposure
出处 《职业卫生与应急救援》 2017年第6期515-519,共5页 Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue
基金 中华全国妇女联合会、国务院妇女儿童工作委员会办公室、中华全国总工会女职工委员会决策咨询类课题项目--妇女健康生殖健康和心理健康调查(编号:FH20151101) 江苏省科技厅临床医学科技专项(编号:BL2014082)
关键词 女职工 生殖健康 健康需求 妇科体检 职业病 钢铁企业 female workers reproductive health health needs gynecological examination occupational disease steel enterprise
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