摘要
广义的中国正义体系是由三大传统组成的。一是来自古代的"中华法系"传统,包括其非正式正义体系,特别是社区的调解体系。同时,行政与法律长期交织,如今仍然非常明显。二是清末民国以来从西方,尤其是大陆法系移植过来的成文法律,包括其权利理论和话语,以及经过法律逻辑整合的众多法则和条文。这是主宰当今民法典编纂的主要传统。三是20世纪中国革命的传统,包括其党国政治体制和社会主义话语,至今同样仍然十分明显。同时还有其与另两大传统相互作用而形成的大规模"半正式"调解,主要是法院调解和行政调解。当前,在民法典的编纂中,法学家们主要只关注成文法律,大多是从西方引进的法律,但如果从长时段的历史视野和实际运作的正义体系来看,长远的民法体系建立,必须同时关注到传统与革命两大传统,必须考虑到如何处理引进的成文法律与其他两大传统的关联问题,这既是因为其实际存在于司法实践中,也是因为唯有综合三大传统才有可能真正认识到并建立中国法治的"特色"。
The Chinese justice system is made up of three traditions:one is the tradition of the"Sinitic legal system,"including its informal justice system,most especially the system of community mediation. At the same time,administration and law have long been closely intertwined,something still readily apparent today. The second is the tradition,since the late Qing and the Republican periods,of importing laws from the West,especially of the Continental legal tradition,including its underlying theories and its discourse,and its many legal principles and articles that are integrated by legal logic. This is the main tradition that is guiding the drafting of a civil code today. The third is the tradition of the twentieth century Chinese Revolution,including its"partystate"polity and its socialist discourse,also readily apparent today. At the same time,there is also the"semiformal mediation"system that stems from the interactions between that party-state system and the other two major traditions. At present,the compilers of the civil code are focused only on formal legal texts,mainly those derived from the West,but if we take the long historical view and look at the actual practice of the justice system,it becomes clear that a long-lasting Chinese civil justice system must consider also the other two traditions,and how the three interrelate with one another. This is not only because they are closely intertwined in actual practice,but also because only by integrating the three can a legal system with genuine"Chinese characteristics"be built. Only by sorting out the multiple traditions,their differences and commonalities,can one consider how to draw the best from each,to syncretize and synthesize them,and to go beyond all three.
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第6期12-37,共26页
Open Times
