摘要
为探讨滇南亚热带地区公益林凋落物水文生态效应,以普洱市7种典型林分类型的公益林——A0常绿阔叶林、A1思茅松(Pinus kesiya)纯林、A2混思茅松林(8:2)、A3混栎类(2:8)、A4黄竹林(Dendrocalamus membranceus)、A5灌木林地、A6宜林地)为研究对象,以同种类型商品林,另加橡胶林(Rubber plantation)和桉树林(Eucalyptus robusta)作对比,通过野外调查、室内浸水法对其凋落物储量、持水特性、对降雨的拦蓄性能等进行定量研究,结果表明,(1)公益林中,思茅松纯林的凋落物储量最大(21.30±2.10)t·hm^(-2),常绿阔叶林最小(12.47±1.31)t·hm^(-2);商品林中,黄竹林凋落物储量最大(14.30±2.41)t·hm^(-2),橡胶林最小(2.83±0.12)t·hm^(-2)。(2)各林分凋落物持水量的变化规律基本一致,持水量随着时间的变化而增大,1.5内,持水量增幅较大,5.5 h后增幅相对平稳。24 h后,公益林中常绿阔叶林的凋落物持水量最大(0.841mm),灌木林最小(0.449 mm);商品林中,橡胶树凋落物持水量最大(0.795 mm),思茅松纯林最小(0.505 mm)。总的趋势为阔叶树种的凋落物持水量大于针叶树种。凋落物持水量与浸泡时间呈对数关系(Y=alnt+b)。(3)同种林分的公益林与商品林的凋落物吸水速率,除混栎类几乎相同,其他类型公益林的凋落物吸水速率高于同类型商品林,各林分凋落物吸水速率与浸水时间之间的关系呈幂函数关系(Y=at^(-b))。(4)公益林中,因思茅松纯林凋落物储量较大,其最大持水量(3.416 mm)也较常绿阔叶林(2.686 mm)大,对降雨的拦蓄能力也最好(2.033 mm);商品林中,黄竹林凋落物有效拦蓄量最高(1.394mm),受干扰程度最大的橡胶林凋落物有效拦蓄量最小(0.434 mm)。综合分析,滇南亚热带地区公益林凋落物的水文生态功能优于商品林。商品林因人为经营活动,其林下凋落物层的完整性遭到破坏,凋落物层的水文功能减弱,所以人为干扰是影响凋落物层水文功�
This study aimed to determine the litter hydrological characteristics of ecological public welfare forests in the subtropical region of Pu’er City, Yunnan Province, China. Factors, such as total volume of litter layer, water-holding characteristics, and reducing surface runoff, of seven typical stands of ecological public welfare forests（A0-evergreen broad-leaved forests （pure Oak）, A1-pure stands of Pinus kesiya, A2-mixed forest of Pinus kesiya （8：2）, A3-mixed forest of Oak （2：8） A4-Dendrocalamus membranceus forests, A5-shrub land, A6-suitable forest land） were studied and were compared with those of the same type of commercial forests through field investigation and soaking experiment. Results showed that （1） in public welfare forests, the Pinus kesiya pure forest displayed the maximum total volume of litter layer[（21.30±2.10） t·hm-2], whereas the evergreen broad-leaved forest showed the minimum[（12.47±1.31） t·hm-2]. In commercial forests, Dendrocalamus membranaceus had the maximum total volume of litter layer[（14.30±2.41） t·hm-2], whereas the minimum volume [（2.83±0.12） t·hm-2] was observed in Hevea brasiliensis. （2） The variation of water-holding capacity of litter in the different forest stands was generally consistent. The water-holding capacity of the litter layer was increasing rapidly within1.5 h, whereas the increase rate became stable after 5.5 h. After 24 h, the water-holding capacity of the evergreen broad-leaved forest showed the highest （0.841 mm） in each stand of public welfare forest. The lowest water-holding capacity （0.449 mm） was observed in shrub forests. H. brasiliensis showed the highest water-holdingcapacity （0.795 mm） amongsix commercial forests, whereas the P. kesiya pure forest expressed the lowest. The overall trend was that the water-holding capacity of the broad-leaved tree species was greater than that of the coniferous tree species. The relationship between litter water-holding capacity and soaking time was l
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第10期1719-1727,共9页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31660173)
西南林业大学云南省省级重点学科(林学)(2012BAD23B04)
云南省林学一流学科建设项目(51600625)
云南省教育厅重点项目(515006009)
普洱市林业局委托项目(215660)
关键词
公益林、凋落物
持水量
吸水速率
有效拦蓄
public welfare forest
litter
water capacity
water absorption rate
modified interception
