摘要
闵可夫斯基是20世纪法国著名的现象学家和精神病学家,也是现象学精神病学进路的最早倡导者之一。他不满足于自然科学所提供的精神疾病图景,主张通过现象学直观去探索精神疾病的本质现象。他改变了精神病学聚焦于疾病症状和神经生理机制的传统做法,而主张精神疾病的根源在于塑造了疾病症状且先于神经生理机制的前意识经验结构。由此,他将精神分裂解释为与实在之生命联系的丧失。他对精神疾病的现象学分析有效地沟通现象学与精神病学这两个传统上不相干的领域,并为今后现象学与精神病学、哲学与自然科学的跨学科协作提供了极其重要的启示。
Eugene Minkowski is one of the prominent phenomenological psychiatrists in the 20th Century. His work remains to be inspiring to the contemporary psychiatry and philosophy. As mental diseases have become one of the most debilitating, costly and intractable diseases, Minkowski＇s idea in phenomenological psychiatry and his clinical technique have not only a historical meaning, but also an important significance for practice. According to Minkowski, mental diseases are not isolated disorders of the brain, but abnormal modes of human＇s being-in-the-world. Besides, I am not a brain, though my brain is an interface between me and world. Schizophrenia patients do not suffer from the loss of high mental abilities, but have excessive mental abilities. Minsowski discovered phenomenology in his medical studies. It was Henry Bergson and Max Scheler who first gave phenomenological thinking to Minkowski. He had considerable personal contact with Bergson while he was a doctor in France. When he was coping with melancholic patients, he found the distortion of patient＇s sense of time. It was this discovery that showed him the relevance of phenomenology of time. This discovery also led to his first phenomenological study and one of his most influential book Lived Time. Moreover, Minkowski found that natural sciences not only detach themselves from the real origin of life, but also cover it. This philosophical insight coincided with Edmund Husserl＇s anti-naturalism. Therefore, he regarded phenomenology as the foremost method to explore mental diseases. Unlike most phenomenological psychiatrists （Ludwig Binswanger, Wolfgang Blankenburg, Medard Boss and others）, he didn＇t cite Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger frequently. Binswanger devoted himself as a student of phenomenological philosophy, but Minkowski only regarded phenomenology as an inspiration of his medical practice and study. He developed phenomenology in his own style. In fact, Minkowski＇s concepts and practice of phenomenology do offer us a closer cont
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第5期77-86,共10页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(17BZX084)
