摘要
【目的】研究了不同减量施氮模式对黄土高原南部春玉米产量、土壤硝态氮残留的影响,提出科学施肥模式,旨在指导当地玉米施肥、保护环境安全。【方法】在黄土高原南部沟壑区农田连续进行了3年的田间试验,供试作物为春玉米,一年一熟,采用半覆膜种植方式。试验设不施氮(CK);传统施肥模式(Con,施尿素N200 kg/hm^2);减氮模式Ⅰ(ModⅠ,施尿素N 160 kg/hm^2);减氮模式Ⅱ(ModⅡ,施尿素N 160 kg/hm^2和加一定量的硝化抑制剂双氰胺);减氮模式Ⅲ(ModⅢ,施脲甲醛N 160 kg/hm^2)5种处理。调查了玉米产量、收获后土壤硝态氮残留和氮素利用率。【结果】三种减量施氮模式较传统施氮模式施氮量减少20%的情况下,玉米产量连续三年无显著变化(P>0.05),相差0.1~0.5 t/hm^2。与Con相比,ModⅠ、ModⅡ、ModⅢ处理的氮肥农学效率及偏生产力分别增加了20.2%~23.2%和21.9%~23.7%,0—200 cm土层NO3–-N的残留量分别减少了90.7、97.3、100.7 kg/hm^2,其降幅依次为44.7%、47.9%、49.6%。【结论】连续三年减少20%的施氮量不影响春玉米产量及吸氮量,可提高氮肥的农学效率和偏生产力,显著减少土壤剖面NO3–-N残留量。在同一施氮量下,添加硝化抑制剂或施用缓控释肥对硝态氮残留量减少作用不甚明显。
[ Objectives ] Effects of different nitrogen reduction modes on yield of spring maize and soil NO3 -N residue in the southern Loess Plateau were discussed, and scientific fertilization suggestions were put forward to instruct local maize fertilization and protect environment. [ Methods ] A field experiment was conducted in the south of the Loess Plateau for three years. Spring maize was planted with half plastic film mulching in one crop per annum. The experiment consisted of 5 N fertilization treatments, no N application （CK）, applying urea N 200 kg/hm2 （Con）, applying urea N 160 kg/hm2 （Mod I ）, applying N 160 kg/hm2 of urea plus nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide （DCD）（Mod 11 ）, and applying slow-release fertilizer urea formaldehyde （SR） N 160 kg/hm2 （Mod Ill）. The yield of maize, the fertilizer N use efficiency and the soil NO3- residues were investigated. [ Results ] Compared with conventional N treatment, the grain yields and N uptakes of maize had no significant difference under the three N treatments, with the grain yield difference in range of 0.1-0.5 t/hm2. Compared with the Con, the agronomic efficiencies of fertilizer nitrogen and N partial fertilizer productivities were increased by 20.2%-23.2% and 21.9%-23.7%, respectively. The accumulated amounts of nitrate nitrogen in 0-200 cm soil profile were decreased by 90.7, 97.3 and 100.7 kg/hm2, respectively, with the decrease rates of 44.7%, 47.9% and 49.6% in turn. [ Conclusions ] Reducing 20% of conventional nitrogen input will not affect spring maize yield and N uptake significantly, but improve agronomic efficiency of fertilizer-nitrogen and N partial fertilizer productivity. Under the same nitrogen application rate, adding nitrification inhibitor or applying slow-release fertilizer do not show priorities over urea on nitrate-N residue reduction.
作者
董强
吴得峰
党廷辉
郭胜利
DONG Qiang WU De-feng DANG Ting-hui GUO Sheng-li(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A ＆ F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China University of China Academy of Sciences, Beij＇ing 100049, China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第4期856-863,共8页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0800105)资助
关键词
春玉米
减量施氮
硝化抑制剂
缓控释肥
硝态氮
spring maize
nitrogen reduction
nitrification inhibitor
controlled release fertilizer
nitrate nitrogen
