摘要
以玉米品种郑单958为材料，通过两年田间试验研究不同施氮量对夏玉米产量和氮素利用的影响。结果表明，随施氮量增加夏玉米产量先增加后降低，符合一元二次肥料效应方程；合理施氮量显著提高子粒产量；收获指数和氮收获指数随施氮量增加而降低，施氮量为189kg／hm2和178kg／hm2收获指数和氮素收获指数较高；过量施氮会降低氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力，平均较施氮量为189kg／hm2和178kg，hm2降低29～55个百分点和32～64kg／kg；农学效率和生理利用率随施氮量先增加后降低，施氮量为200kg／hm2左右时最高。当施氮量超过200kg／hm2时，成熟期表层土壤硝态氮含量和氮肥表观损失率均随施氮量的增加而增加。夏玉米氮肥推荐用量应控制在200kg／hm2以内。
Two years field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different N application rates on the yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of summer maize（Zhengdan958）. The results indicated that the yield in- creased at first and then decreased with the increase of N application rates, and the relationship of yield to N applica- tion rates corresponded to quadratic equation. Reasonable N application rate increased grain yield significantly. With the increase of N application rate harvest index（HI） and N harvest index（NHI） decreased. The highest HI and NHI was obtained at N application of 189 kg/ha（N 189） and 178 kg/ha（N178）. Excessive N application rate reduced N recovery efficiency（NRE） and N partial fertilizer productivity（NPFP） by 29% - 55% and 32 - 64 kg/kg compared with N189 and N178, respectively. Agronomic efficiency（AE） and physiological efficiency（PE） increased at first then decreased with the increase N application rate, and the highest AE and PE were appeared at N application rate of 200 kg/ha. Surface soil NO3--N content at mature stage and N apparent losses ratio increased with the increase of nitrogen appli- cation when N rates were over 200 kg/ha. Comprehensive consideration, the recommendation of N application rate for summer maize should be controlled in less than 200 kg/ha.
出处
《玉米科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期121-126,131,共7页
Journal of Maize Sciences
基金
农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003)
关键词
夏玉米
施氮量
产量
氮素利用效率
土壤硝态氮
Summer maize
N application rate
Yield
Nitrogen use efficiency
Soil nitrate-nitrogen
