摘要
针对目前吉林省黑土区玉米种植过程中氮肥用量偏高导致的氮肥利用率低、氮素残留高等问题,在习惯施氮量的基础上设降低10%、20%、30%、40%的不同氮肥减量处理,研究减氮对春玉米干物质积累、子粒产量、氮素利用效率及土壤中无机氮积累的影响。结果表明,伏龙泉和米沙子试验点降低20%氮肥用量、开安试验点降低30%氮肥用量玉米子粒产量无显著降低,减氮处理显著提高氮肥的利用效率。降低氮肥用量可减少玉米收获后耕层土壤中无机氮的积累(硝态氮)。玉米施氮量在223 kg/hm2时玉米收获后耕层土壤无机氮含量与播种前基本一致。吉林省黑土玉米种植区适当降低氮肥用量不会显著影响玉米产量,同时会提高氮肥利用效率,减少玉米收获后耕层无机氮的积累。
Low use efficiency and high residue of nitrogen resulting from too much application during spring maize production were two main problems in black soil area of Jilin province, China. To reduce the amount of nitro-gen fertilizer application and inorganic nitrogen accumulation in soil, six nitrogen treatments, including CK(no nitro-gen application), FFP(farmer conventional amount), and 10(N-10), 20(N-20), 30(N-30), and 40%(N-40) less than of theconventional fertilization amount respectively, were set on maize production, and the maize grain yield, abovegroundmatter amount, nitrogen use efficiency and the residual nitrate nitrogen in soil were studied. Result showed that themaize grain yield was not significantly reduced at N-20 treatment at Fulongquan and Mishazi sites and at N-30 treat-ment at Kaian, while nitrogen use efficiency was significantly improved. At the same time, reducing nitrogen fertiliz-er amount can reduce the amount of inorganic nitrogen accumulation, especially nitrate nitrogen in soil. Under N-10 treatment, that is, the nitrogen application amount being 223 kg/ha, the content of inorganic nitrogen in the soilplough layer after maize harvest was nearly the same as that before sowing. In conclusion, proper N fertilizer reduc-tion during maize production increase nitrogen use efficiency and reduce the amount of inorganic nitrogen accumulation in soil without significantly change in yield during maize production in the black soil area of Jilin province.
作者
陈治嘉
隋标
赵兴敏
王鸿斌
赵兰坡
CHEN Zhi-jia;SUI Biao;ZHAO Xing-min;WANG Hong-bin;ZHAO Lan-po(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Jilin Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province,Changchun 130118,China)
出处
《玉米科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期139-145,共7页
Journal of Maize Sciences
基金
国家科技重大专项(2014ZX07201-011-006)
关键词
春玉米
氮肥减施
产量
土壤无机氮
Spring maize
Nitrogen fertilizer reduction
Yield
Inorganic nitrogen in soil
