摘要
为了探讨寒地玉米最佳追氮方式,通过大田试验,在玉米主要生育时期测定株高、叶面积指数、SPAD、穗部性状及产量,分析不同追氮方式[CK（不施肥）;PK（不施氮肥）;NPK＋SD1（基肥＋追肥浅追1次）;NPK＋DD1（基肥＋追肥深追1次）;NPK＋DD2（基肥＋追肥深追2次）]对寒地玉米生理性状、农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明：与CK和PK相比,追氮处理提高了玉米不同生育期株高,至成熟期分别提高11.9%-20.7%和9.1%-17.7%,且氮肥深追较浅追株高提高2.3%-7.9%;显著提高了寒地玉米叶面积指数,拔节至蜡熟期分别提高10.7%-44.4%和6.9%-34.0%;吐丝至吐丝后40d,显著提高不同部位叶片叶绿素含量,且氮肥深追又高于氮肥浅追,但差异不显著;改善了玉米农艺性状,提高了玉米穗长、穗粗、轴粗和穗位高,显著降低了秃尖长度;提高了玉米产量,与CK和PK相比分别提高78.0%-99.7%和54.4%-73.2%,氮肥深追与浅追相比产量提高8.76%-12.2%,以氮肥深追2次（NPK＋DD2）产量最高。氮肥深追可增加单产收入,显著提高纯收入,扩大产投比。研究为寒地玉米高产稳产提供了理论依据。
To pursue the optimum nitrogen topdressing methods of maize in cold zone in the North-east part of China,a field experiments was carried out with the different nitrogen topdressing methods,namely CK（ no fertilizer applied）,PK（P,K base applied without N）,NPK（N,P,K base applied,similarly hereinafter） ＋ SD1（N surface topdressing for once）,NPK ＋ DD1（ N deep topdressing for once）,NPK ＋ DD2（ N deep topdressing for twice） to investigste the plant height,the leaf area index（ LAI）,the SPAD,the ear characters and the yield of the tested maize during the key growth stages. The results showed that compared with the CK and PK,the nitrogen topdressing treatments could increase the plant height during the whole growth stage of the tested maize. When reaching the maturity period,the plant height of nitrogen topdressing treatments were 11. 9% to 20. 7% and 9. 1% to 17. 7% higher than that of the CK and PK respectively. The plant height of N deep topdressing was 2. 3% to 7. 9% higher than that of the N surface topdressing.The nitrogen topdressing could also significantly increase the value of the LAI of the tested maize. From elongation to waxy stage,the LAI of N deep topdressing increased 10. 7% to 44. 4% and 6. 9% to 34. 0% respectively. In the 40 days after silking stage,it could significantly increase the value of SPAD conent in the leaf different parts of the maize.The SPAD of the N deep topdressing was higher than that of the N surface topdressing,but no obvious difference was found among them. It significantly increased ear length,ear diameter,axis diameter and ear position,and reduced the bare tip length of the maize. The nitrogen topdressing could improve the yield of the tested maize. Compared with the CK and the PK treatments,their yields increased by 78. 0% to 99. 7% and 54. 4% to 73. 2%,respectively and the yield of the N deep topdressing was 8. 76% to 12. 2% higher than that of the N surface topdressing. The N deep topdressing could increase both total income and net income per unit,
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第9期1806-1812,共7页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
黑龙江省农业科技创新工程重点项目(ZD010)
关键词
寒地玉米
追氮方式
叶面积指数
SPAD
产量
产投比
maize in cold zone, nitrogen topdressing methods, leaf area index （LAI） , SPAD value, yield, input-output ratio
