摘要
伴随私有制的产生与阶级阶层分化,贫困问题一直存在于自商周至隋唐的古代社会。至宋代,由于土地制度的变化和商品经济的发展,非身份性贫困成为了必须予以正视和干预的社会问题,引起广泛关注和讨论。其中,关于贫困的解释即贫困致因成为当时社会中上层关注的重要议题。具体而言,宋代主流社会意识形成了三种主要的贫困解释:天命说固守传统秩序,结构说强调国家体制,材性说突出个人能力。实际上,每种贫困解释背后都有一个明显的阶层指向,成为该阶层表达利益诉求的言说工具。对此,可以认为,贫困问题在宋代社会分层的大背景下成为社会中上层构建自身话语体系和权力关系的载体,亦推动了唐宋以来新的社会传统的构造进程。
With the emergence of private ownership and class stratification, poverty had persisted in ancient China from the Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Sui and Tang period. In Song dynasty, with changes in land system and the development of commodity economy, non-identity poverty became the severe social problem that must be coped with, causing widespread concern and discussion. The interpretation of poverty—the cause behind the poor,became an important issue concerned by the middle and high ranks in society at that time. Specifically, there were three popular interpretations of poverty in mainstream social consciousness： the conservative view of poverty as destiny, poverty resulting from the structural problem of the state system, and poverty as the consequence of lacking talent. Actually, each interpretation represented a distinct class stand,which in turn became an instrument for the class to demand its interest. In this regard, it is clear that the problem of poverty became the medium for the middle and high ranks of Song dynasty to build their discourse system and power relation in the context of social stratification, and also helped reshape the new social structure after the Tang and Song dynasties.
出处
《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第4期150-159,共10页
Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目"宋代的贫富差距与收入再分配问题研究"(12AZS005)
重庆市研究生科研创新项目"社会转型背景下的宋代贫富差距问题研究--以北宋城市为中心"(CYB2015062)
关键词
宋代
贫困
话语体系
权力关系
Song Dynasty
poverty
discourse system
power relation
