摘要
中国史学话语是中国学人关于历史的思维逻辑、言说方式和书写法则,包括史学的概念、术语、范畴、命题和史家的价值判断、思想情感。自春秋以降至于清代乾嘉时期形成的一套完整的传统史学话语体系,在19世纪后半期仍自成一脉。以李慈铭、谭献等为代表的旧派史家,运用的术语不出传统史学话语的范畴。但在1902年前后,中国史学固有的宗旨、范畴和研究路径受到了前所未有的质疑与挑战。最终旧话语逐渐淡出人们的视野,取而代之的是"科学""进化"和"文明"等新理念。在清季新史学话语中,"民史"是一个重要范畴,具有学术理想与政治诉求的双重意义。将新史学话语体系置于整个史学发展中加以贯通考察,其得失与功过实在耐人寻味。它缺乏沉淀的过程,缺少标志性成果作支撑,继承传统远不及借鉴西学来得猛烈和虔诚。它主要是受外来思想的刺激与启发,不是中国史学水到渠成的自省。因为切断了与传统的血脉,清季新史家面临难以消弭的中西对话的困境,导致了学术上的不自信。尽管新史学话语存在诸多不足,但20世纪以来的史学家不能无视晚清新史学话语体系,因为它是中国现代史学的一个重要理论形态,而后来史家所要重建的史学王国又正是建立在晚清史学批评家清理过的废墟之上的。
Chinese historiography discourse is mainly on the history of thinking logic,speech and writing rules,including the concept of history,terminology,category,proposition and historian value judgments,ideology and emotion. A complete set of traditional historical discourse system was formed from the Spring and Autumn period to Qing dynasty. It still continued its own characteristics in the second half of the 19 th century. Represented by some old-school historians such as Li Ciming,Tan Xian,theused termswas within traditional historical discourse. But in 1902,the purpose,category and research pathof the Chinese historiography experienced the unprecedented doubts and challenges. Eventually,the old words were gradually replaced by some new concepts such as the ' science', 'evolution' and ' civilization'. Although the new historical discourse had many deficiencies,historians in the 20 th century cannot ignore the new historiography discourse system in late Qing dynasty,because it was an important theoretical form of modern Chinese historiography. The historical kingdom which was rebuilt by the historians was being built on the ruins cleaned up by historical critics in late Qing dynasty.
出处
《郑州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第3期89-96,共8页
Journal of Zhengzhou University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
