摘要
"航行自由"本是国际海洋法的一项基本准则,然而近年来"航行自由"却成为美国精心包装下用以渲染南海地区"中国威胁"并借机在周边海域实施军事寻衅的政治话语,沦为美国借以防范中国海上力量崛起、实现海洋霸权护持的舆论工具。美国对南海"航行自由"的恶意炒作,不仅对中国的国际形象及南海地区安全造成损害,由此凸显的中美关于南海"航行自由"的论争也成为影响双边关系发展的重要症结。在美国幕后台前都推动南海局势升温的过程中,中国在现实困境的倒逼下逐步形成了对"航行自由"话语较系统的认知理解,对从西方传来的"航行自由"话语经历了由谨慎怀疑到逐渐接纳的态度转变,在话语使用上也从被动反应开始向主动应对的姿态变化,体现出中国政府在话语表达上走向自信与成熟。中美关于南海"航行自由"的论争表面上是话语的比拼,其背后是海权和利益的角逐,中国应保持和加强与美国在各个层次上的战略对话以管控双方分歧,就"航行自由"话语拓展共识和寻求合作。中国或可考虑通过对"航行自由"话语内涵的再建构推动南海地区海上安全合作机制构建并体现大国胸怀。
Freedom of navigation'is a basic criterion of international maritime law,which,however,has become the political discourse under the United States’careful embellishment to render'China threat'in the South China Sea and to take the opportunity to implement military provocation in the surrounding waters.And the discourse is also regarded by the US as a public opinion tool to prevent the rise of China’s maritime power and achieve US’s marine hegemony.The United States’malicious speculation on'freedom of navigation'in the South China Sea has caused damages to China’s international image and regional security,and China-US debate on'freedom of navigation'has become an important crux of the development of bilateral relations.In the process of the United States hyping tensions in the South China Sea behind the stage,under great pressure China gradually formed a more systematic understanding of the'freedom of navigation'discourse.And China has achieved a change of the attitude to the discourse from the West from cautious suspicion to gradual acceptance,also in the use of the discourse from the passive reaction to active response,reflecting the Chinese government’s being self-confident and mature.The China-US debate on'freedom of navigation'seems a competition of discourse,which in fact is a rivalry of sea power and interests.China should maintain and strengthen dialogue with the United States at all levels to manage and control divergences between the two sides,expand the consensus and seek cooperation on the'freedom of navigation'.China may as well consider reestablishing the connotation of'freedom of navigation'to promote construction of the South China Sea maritime security cooperation mechanism and reflect her major power responsibility.
出处
《亚太安全与海洋研究》
2017年第4期40-55,123,共16页
Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs
关键词
南海
航行自由
中国外交
话语分析
the South China Sea
'freedom of navigation'
China' s Diplomacy
analysis of discourse
