摘要
[目的]利用人体头部模型模拟研究不同地理朝向时眼部紫外辐射的暴露量及其时间分布。[方法]使用自制的安装有高紫外灵敏度光纤光谱仪的眼紫外线暴露模型在中国三亚地区进行实地监测,起始方位是模拟眼部正对南方向,顺时针旋转监测,每隔6°自动监测一次,获得大量对应不同地理朝向的眼部暴露紫外辐射数据。[结果]东向和西向眼暴露长波紫外光(UVA)分别在上午9:00和下午16:15(~50°太阳天顶角)左右达到最大值,分别为2 324.88μW/cm^2和2 442.68μW/cm^2,眼暴露中波紫外光(UVB)分别在上午9:45和下午15:50(~40°太阳天顶角)左右达到最大值,分别为93.83μW/cm^2和92.54μW/cm^2;南向和北向眼暴露UVA和UVB峰值均出现在正午12:00(~7°太阳天顶角)左右,分别为1 056.09μW/cm^2和61.45μW/cm^2。眼部暴露紫外辐射最大辐照度在地理朝向上的分布是正东偏北和正西偏北12°左右。东向和西向最大剂量百分比分别出现在9:00—10:00和15:00—16:00,为19.67%和17.11%,南向和北向最大剂量百分比均出现在12:00—13:00,为12.68%和12.98%。[结论]不同地理朝向时眼部紫外辐射高暴露的时间段各不同。
[ Objective ] To investigate the intensity and time distribution of ocular exposure to ultraviolet spectral irradiance in different geographic directions based on a manikin head model.[ Methods ] An on-site monitoring program was conducted in Sanya, China using a spectrometer with high ultraviolet sensitivity installed to a manikin head model to simultaneously measure simulated ocular exposure to ambient ultraviolet spectral irradiance beginning due south and recording data per 6° rotation clockwise.[ Results ] For east and west geographic directions, the maximum ocular exposure to uhraviolet A （UVA） irradiance occurred at 9：00 and 16：15 （up to 50° solar zenith angle）, being 2 324.88 and 2442.68 μW/cm2 respectively; the maximum ocular exposure to ultraviolet B （UVB） irradiance occurred at 9：45 and 15：50 （up to 40° solar zenith angle）, being 93.83 and 92.54 μW/cm2, respectively. For south and north geographic directions, the maximum ocular exposure to UVA and UVB irradiance both occurred at 12：00 （up to 7°solar zenith angle）, namely 1056.09 and 61.45 μW/cm2, respectively. The maximum ocular exposure to ultraviolet irradiance occurred at east to north 12° and west to north 12°. The maximum ratios of hourly exposure over daily cumulated exposure to ultraviolet occurred at 9：00-10：00, 19.67% for the east direction, and 15：00-16：00, 17.11% for the west; for the south and north, the maximum ratios both occurred at 12：00-13：00, which were 12.68% and 12.98%, respectively.[ Conclusion ] Time-depended high-level exposure to ultraviolet spectral irradiance are identified for different geographic directions.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第3期202-208,共7页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:81273034)
关键词
眼
头部模型
紫外辐射
地理朝向
分布
oculus
head manikin
ultraviolet
geography direction
distribution
