摘要
话语分析的典型对象是比句子大的语言成分,主要特点是密切联系语言的使用环境。以何种语言单位作为话语篇章的基本组成部分,没有一个确定的答案。一般以句子为其基本单位,但根据话语类型和研究目的,也可以是句子之外的其他语言成分。判断句与非句使用的是语法标准。判断话语和非话语,除了早期的Zellig Harris等使用形式标准之外,现在一般都根据成分之间是否具备连贯性这个意义标准。连贯性是语言信息流的重要属性,本文讨论它在话语组织中的主要表现手段。话语分析作为一种研究方法,不但用来研究语言本体成分的形式和意义,也用来研究话语篇章表现的社会、文化和政治意义。批判性话语分析理论就是这方面的重要代表。侧重语言本体研究的话语分析和侧重语言社会、文化和政治意义的话语分析两者之间有何异同,本文作了简要分析。
Two prominent features of discourse analyses are： （1）Focus on units larger than sentence as its major objects of investigation; （2）Close engagement with the context of language use. Whereas clause is customarily taken as this article demonstrates that what types of linguistic the basic constitutive unit of discourse, unit should be taken as basic components of discourse depends on genres of discourse and purposes of our analysis. This article also discusses how coherence as an essential feature of information flow plays a key role in the organization of discourse, and how it is maintained and facilitated by means of linguistic devices. The article concludes with a brief comparison of discourse analyses as a primarily linguistic exercise, and as a socio-cuhural endeavour as practiced by critical discourse analysis.
出处
《当代修辞学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第2期1-11,共11页
Contemporary Rhetoric
关键词
话语类型
话语单位
连贯性
信息流
genres of discourse, constitutive unit of discourse, coherence, information flow
