摘要
建基于宇宙系统信仰之上的"五德终始"学说是中国传统政治哲学中论证建立政权合法性的重要理论工具。西汉初年开始,以"五德相胜"为基础展开了一场汉承何德的讨论;到了西汉末年,以刘歆为代表的儒生又以"五德相生"为中心为王莽的代汉立新进行合法性论证。从"五德相胜"到"五德相生"的这一转换,既有理论自身发展的逻辑可循,同时又与现实政治的发展密切相关。但"五德终始说"作为阐释政权合法性的基本理论,其自身的困境与局限也不容忽视。新王朝的开创者可以凭借"五德终始说"来论证建立政权的合法性,那么长久执政合法性的论证与维系,就已经远远超出"五德终始说"所能涵盖的范围。这一困境与尴尬在王莽代汉立新的政治事件中表现得尤为明显,亦在某种程度上决定了它在宋以后逐渐被消解与扬弃的命运。
In the traditional pohtical philosophy of China, The ＂five virtues＂ theory, which is set up on the belief of Chinese cosmological system, is an important theoretical tool to justify the political legitimacy. During the early years of the Western Han, based on the ＂Five Virtues Intercheking＂, scholars had a discussion on which virtue that the Han Dynasty had inherited. And at the late age of the Western Han, Confucian scholars such as Liu Xin used ＂ Five Virtues Aioi＂ to argue for the legitimacy of Wang Mang＇s political power. The transformation from ＂Five Virtues Interchecking＂ to ＂ Five Virtues Aioi＂ has its own inherent structure of both ideology and realpolitik. Moreover, it should not be ignored that the ＂Five Virtues＂ theory, the fundamental theory in interpreting political legitimacy in the Han Dynasty, has its dilemma and limitation. Although the ＂Five Virtues＂ theory could be introduced by the founder of a new dynasty to prove the establishment of his dynasty as legitimate, this theory has its limitation, therefore fails to support and explain the legitimacy of a long-reign rulership. The dilemma and limitation of the ＂Five Virtues＂ theory is manifested in Wang Mang＇s usurping of the throne, and they also account for the failure of that theory after the Song Dynasty to some extent.
出处
《中州学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第2期96-100,共5页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
基金
华侨大学科研基金资助项目"汉代儒家的德位关系思考"(15SKBS107)
华侨大学哲学社会科学青年学者成长工程个人项目"中国传统政治哲学视域中的政权正当性问题研究"(14SKGC-QG12)
关键词
五德终始
政权合法性
王莽
＂ Five Virtues＂ Theory
political legitimacy
Wang Mang
