摘要
目的:调查分析珠三角地区人群5年内吸入性和食物变应原分布及动态变化情况,为变应性疾病的临床防治提供参考。方法:珠三角地区9家大型三甲医院针对2012-09-2016-04期间有疑似过敏症状和体征的人群进行血清特异性IgE检测,以SPSS 20.0软件对其检测结果和患者性别、年龄、随季节及年份的动态变化等方面进行统计学分析。结果:30 003例患者血清中各变应原sIgE阳性率从高到低依次为尘螨(39.3%)、屋尘(26.1%)、花粉(16.9%)、蒿草类(7.7%)、真菌类(9.0%)、动物皮屑(6.0%);22 748例患者血清中各食物sIgE阳性率分别为鸡蛋(13.5%)、牛奶(14.5%)、鱼类(10.3%)、海鲜(10.9%)、肉类(15.4%)、水果类(15.8%)、坚果类(5.1%);尘螨、屋尘、鸡蛋、牛奶及海鲜sIgE阳性率中男性患者较女性患者高,女性患者动物皮屑sIgE阳性率较男性高(P<0.05);未成年组(年龄≤18岁)各变应原sIgE阳性率均明显高于成年组(年龄>18岁),年龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);尘螨、真菌类、动物皮屑、鸡蛋、鱼类过敏集中高发于春季,花粉、蒿草类、屋尘、牛奶、海鲜、肉类、水果类、坚果类过敏集中高发于夏季,变应原的季节差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2013~2015年尘螨sIgE阳性率呈逐年上升趋势,屋尘、蒿草类、真菌类、鸡蛋、牛奶sIgE阳性率则呈下降趋势,变应原的年份变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:珠三角地区人群以尘螨、屋尘、海鲜及水果类为主要变应原,应作为该地区变应性疾病的重点防治对象;临床上应重视未成年变应性疾病患者及季节性重点变应原;变应原随年份的变化及地区饮食习惯对变应性疾病的防治意义也不容忽视。
Objective：To investigate the distribution of allergens in patients with suspected allergic diseases in Pearl River Delta,analysis the changes of allergens with seasons and years,and provide clinical references for management strategies with regional character.Method：Patients from 9hospitals in Pearl River Delta,with suspected clinical symptoms and signs of allergic disease,were given serum specific IgE test from September 2012 to April 2016.The positive rate was compared with genders,ages,the dynamic changes of seasons,and years.Result：In 30003 patients,the positive rate of dust mites,house dust,tree,mugwort,mold,animal dander were39.3%,26.1%,16.9%,26.1%,9.0%,6.0% respectively.In 22748 patients,the positive rate of egg,milk,fish,seafood,meats,fruits,nuts were 13.5%,14.5%,10.3%,14.5%,10.9%,15.4%,10.9%.The positive rate of female patients are higher than male patients in both inhaled and food allergens（P0.01）.The positive rate of minor group was obviously higher than that of the adult group（P0.01）.The highest positive rate of dust mite,mold,animal dander,egg,fish occurs in the spring,while trees,mugwort,house dust,milk,seafood,meats,fruits,nuts in summer（P0.01）.There was an upward trend in the positive rate of dust mite,while the positive rate of house dust,mugwort,mold,egg,milk was on the decline,and positive rate of other allergens changed in volatility from 2013to2015（P0.01）.Conclusion：The dust mites,house dust,seafood and fruits were the main allergens in Pearl River Delta and should be the key for prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.More attention should be paid to the patients of allergic diseases of minors and major seasonal allergens in clinical prevention and treatment.The changes of allergens with the years and dietary habit in local area for the prevention and control of allergic diseases are also not allowed to be ignored.
出处
《临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2017年第5期343-346,351,共5页
Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head And Neck Surgery
