摘要
马铃薯种植面积广泛,是位列小麦、稻米与玉米之后的第四大世界性粮食作物,西方社会的马铃薯传播与推广有丰富的经验,梳理马铃薯的世界传播路径并分析主要国家的推广经验措施,旨在为中国马铃薯主食开发提供有益启示与经验借鉴。笔者查阅整理了西方主要国家有关马铃薯传播与推广种植的文献,利用文本分析的方法,提炼出马铃薯得以传播世界的结构性因素与各国推广种植的措施经验。结果表明,马铃薯赖以广泛传播的条件主要有3点:一是马铃薯自身适应性广、产量高的生物特性;二是一些欧洲国家出于保障粮食安全的考虑而采取的推广措施与制度安排;三是人们对马铃薯认知水平以及种植与加工技术水平的提高。分析西方国家推广马铃薯种植经验对中国马铃薯主食产业开发有重要启示,应以其生物广适性为基础,重视其经济效益,在国家层面,运用政治权力自上而下的制度安排推动;在民间层面,发动知识分子运用知识的力量宣传科普,综合利用经济、政治和知识的力量推动马铃薯主食产业发展。
Potato is ranked as the world＇s fourth major food crop after wheat, rice and maize, which is plantedall over the world. Western society has rich experience of potato＇s promotion. Clarifying the spread paths ofpotato in the world and analyzing the promotion measures of major countries could provide usefulenlightenment and experience to the staple food development of potato in China. The authors looked up andsort data from literature about the spread and cultivation promotion of potato in major western countries,extracted the structural factors resulting in potato＇s spreading all over the world and measured experiencespromoted by countries. The results showed that： potato＇s widespread depended upon three important aspects：firstly, potato had a biological characteristic of wide adaptability and high yield; secondly, some countriesparticularly in Europe took measures to expand potato planting for food security; thirdly, the popularization ofscience enhanced people＇s nutrition awareness of potato and improved potato processing technology level. Theanalysis of beneficial experience from other countries will enlighten China to promote potato staple foodindustry, it should be based on potato＇s biological characteristics of high economic efficiency, combing withmeasures such as political power at the national level and knowledge power in people.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2016年第35期227-231,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503001)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-IOFAND)
关键词
马铃薯
推动策略
主食化
启示
potato
promotion strategy
stable food
enlightenment
