摘要
为筛选适宜冀中南地区油葵的高产栽培模式,完善油葵高效栽培技术体系,以矮大头667(667)和同辉562(T562)2个油葵品种为试材,均设露地(CK)、地膜半覆盖、地膜全覆盖3种栽培模式处理,研究了不同栽培模式对油葵生长参数、生理生化指标及产量的影响。结果表明:相同栽培模式下,T562的株高、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、百粒重、单盘粒质量、结实率以及产量均高于667;苗期茎粗和叶面积指数均高于667,现蕾期之后茎粗和叶面积指数均低于667;生育期较667短。不同栽培模式下,2个品种不同生长发育时期的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量,以及百粒重、单盘粒数、单盘粒质量、结实率和产量均表现为地膜全覆盖>地膜半覆盖>露地;生育期均表现为地膜全覆盖模式下最短,地膜半覆盖模式与露地种植相当。地膜全覆盖栽培模式不仅可以促进油葵生长发育,缩短生育期,还可以提高油葵各项生理生化指标以及产量,其中T562表现为前期营养生长旺盛,现蕾期后营养生长迅速转化为生殖生长,且生育期短,产量显著高于667。因此,选择高产品种T562、采用地膜全覆盖栽培模式是冀中南地区获得油葵高产的有效途径。
To screen the suitable high-yield cultivation mode of oil sunflower in central south Hebei and improve the high-efficiency cultivation technology system of oil sunflower, two oil sunflower varieties of Asking667(667) and Tonghui 562(T562) were used as the experimental materials,the effects of different cultivation methods on physiological and biochemical indexes and yield of the two varieties were studied. Three cultivation methods included open field planting(CK),plastic film half-cover planting and plastic film full-cover planting.The results showed that the plant height,chlorophyll content,soluble sugar content,100-grain weight,singleplate grain quality,seed setting rate and yield of T562 were higher than 667 under the same cultivation mode.The stem diameter and leaf area index of T562 were higher than 667 at the seedling stage,and the stem diameter and leaf area index of 667 after bud stage were higher than that of T562. The growth period of T562 was shorter than that of 667. Under different cultivation modes, t he plant height, stem diameter,leaf area index, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content,100-grain weight,single-plate number,single-plate grain quality,seed setting rate and yield of the two varieties all showed the regularity of plastic film full-cover planting >plastic film half-cover planting >CK. The growth period of the two varieties was shortest under plastic film full-cover planting,and that of the other two modes was almost the same. The plastic film full-cover planting can not only promote the growth and development of oil sunflower,but also improve various physiological and biochemical indexes, shorten the growth period and increase the yield of oil sunflower. T562 is characterized by vigorous vegetative growth at early stage,rapid vegetative growth into reproductive growth after budstage,shorter growth period and significantly higher yield than 667. Therefore,the selection of high-yield variety T562 and the adoption of plastic film half-cover planting mode is
作者
崔彦芹
郭元章
关中波
蹇家利
韩鹏
李和平
徐桂真
CUI Yan-qin;GUO Yuan-zhang;GUAN Zhong-bo;JIAN Jia-li;HAN Peng;LI He-ping;XU Gui-zhen(Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding,Shijiazhuang 050035,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Hebei,Shijiazhuang 050035,China;Dryland Farming Institute,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Hengshui 053000,China)
出处
《河北农业科学》
2019年第6期36-39,43,共5页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家特色油料产业技术体系建设项目（GARS-14-2-01）
河北省现代农业产业技术体系油料创新团队项目（HBCT2018090204）
现代农业科技创新工程项目（4-04-07）
关键词
油葵
栽培模式
地膜覆盖
生理生化指标
产量
Oil sunflower
Cultivation mode
Plastic mulching
Physiological and biochemical indexes
Yield
