摘要
2016年法国债法改革在民法典中设立了所谓的"其他债之渊源"单元,囊括了三种类型的准合同。修订后的法国民法典,重新界定准合同概念,突出其对利益不当变动的恢复机制;完善了无因管理和非债清偿的原有规则,如将为本人与他人共同利益进行管理明确为无因管理;在错误支付他人债务的情况下,允许清偿人向真正的债务人主张返还;详细规定了不当得利的消极构成要件;三种准合同的界限与分工得以明晰;并设立了债法上的统一返还规则。
February 2016,the French reformers of the law of obligations decide to establish,in French Civil Code,a new part named ＂other sources of obligations＂,which includes the three traditional quasi- contracts： Management of Affairs without Mandate（ negotiorumgestio）,condictioindebiti and unjust enrichment. Then the revised Civil Code gives a new definition to the quasi- contracts and emphasizes its function to balance the unjust change of interests. The rules on management of affairs without mandate and condictioindebiti are also updated. For example,if a manager intervenes in the affairs for both its interests and the owner ＇s,this may be treated as management of affairs without mandate; who pays by error the debt of others is entitled to claim restitution against the real debtor.Besides,it is the first time that the French Civil Code stipulates unjust enrichment and the detailed rules on its conditions. After this reform,the dividing line of the three kinds of quasi- contracts is clear and a new unified rule on restitution is established.
出处
《比较法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第6期88-110,共23页
Journal of Comparative Law
基金
2016年国家社会科学基金一般项目"法国新债法对中国民法典债编制定的启示与比较研究"(16BFX104)的阶段性成果
关键词
准合同
无因管理
非债清偿
不当得利
法国债法
quasi-contracts
management of affairs without mandate
condictioindebiti
unjust enrichment
French obligations law
