摘要
美国国会在涉南海问题外交决策过程中发挥着巨大作用，其影响不容忽视。文章以美国国会1995年至今共31份涉南海问题决议案和法案文本为研究素材，系统分析了其南海问题立场的演变及其成因。1995～1997年，美国国会关切和平稳定与“航行自由”等国家核心利益，但不对争端的任何一方表明立场。1998年到2010年左右，由于国际国内背景的变化，美国国会在南海问题上采取了战略收缩的姿态。自2011年美国实行“亚太再平衡”战略以来，美国国会的南海立场发生了实质性转变，逐步对南海问题实施全面干预。鉴于南海地区航行自由对美国维护全球海洋霸权地位至关重要，南海地区地缘经济地位的重要性日益显著，以及美国国会议员对中国崛起持意识形态偏见等因素，可以预见，未来美国国会对南海问题的立场将会更加强硬。在处理南海问题时，中国不仅需要同美国政府打交道，而且需要关注和应对美国国会在南海问题上的政策选择与消极影响。
This article considers documents relevant to 31 Congressional Resolutions and Acts related to the South China Sea passed between 1995 and the present,and on the basis of these documents,analyzes the evolution of America's policy towards the South China Sea and factors pushing policy change.From 1995 until 1997,the US Congress considered peace,stability and'freedom of navigation'as its core national interests,yet refrained from taking sides vis-à-vis parties to the dispute.From 1998 until around 2010,changes in both the US domestic and international contexts drove the US Congress to undertake a strategic shift in its position towards the South China Sea.Since the US implemented its re-balancing strategy towards Asia and the Pacific in 2011,the US Congress has undergone a substantive change in its position vis-à-vis the South China Sea,gradually shifting towards comprehensive interference in the region.As freedom of navigation in the South China Sea is critical for the US in maintaining its global maritime hegemony,the South China Sea has taken a more prominent position with respect to geo-economic concerns.At the same time,members of the US Congress have developed ideological views with respect to China's rise,which has caused the Congress to adopt a hardline position with respect to the South China Sea.In its handling of affairs related to the South China Sea,China needs to deal not only with the US administration,but also pay careful attention to and respond to the policy decisions and negative influence of the US Congress.
出处
《当代亚太》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第5期112-134,共23页
Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies
关键词
美国国会
国会议案
南海问题
中美关系
US Congress
Acts of Congress
the South China Sea
Sino-US Relations
