摘要
目的了解影响海口市城乡居民主要健康问题及危险因素,为制订慢性病防治规划和针对性的健康促进方案提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取17 805户58 291名居民进行了入户问卷调查,调查内容包括家庭人口、居住条件、医疗费用支出、家庭成员医疗保障和慢性病患病史以及成年居民日常生活方式及饮食习惯、自我保健与卫生知识知晓等情况。结果居民总吸烟率为18.3%,40~59岁组男性吸烟率为40.5%;饮酒率为19.7%;居民超重率为17.5%,肥胖率为4.1%,男性40~59岁、女性60岁及以上年龄段超重肥胖率最高。18岁及以上居民主动锻炼率为35.6%,平均每天静坐6 h。过去一年45.5%的居民会经常主动获取保健知识,居民整体基本健康知识知晓率为55.83%。60岁及以上人口占16.4%,老年抚养系数25.91%。居民两周患病率为3.3%,60岁以上居民最高,为7.8%;过去一年住院病人疾病前5位为高血压、肺炎、脑梗塞、糖尿病、支气管炎。住院医疗费用中位数为4 000.0元/人·年,94.5%的居民享有医疗保险。结论高血压、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、脑卒中等慢性病是影响海口市居民的主要健康问题,社会医疗保障覆盖率高。60岁以上居民是慢性病高发人群,是社区卫生服务的主要对象。40岁左右居民慢性病行为危险因素突出,应作为慢性病社区综合干预控制的重点人群。
Objective To understand the main health problems and related risk factors of urban and rural residents inHaikou City,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the chronic disease prevent and control program and targeted healthpromotion program. Methods A total of 58 291 residents from 17 805 households were selected by the multistage clusterrandom sampling method and investigated with questionnaires. The questionnaire included： household numbers,livingconditions,medical expense,health insurance of family members,past chronic disease history,lifestyle and dietary habits ofadults,self-health care and awareness of health knowledge. Results The proportions of smoking and drinking of residentswere 18.3% and 19.7% respectively,and smoking of male residents aged 40 to 59 years were 40.5%. The total rates ofoverweight and obesity were 17.5% and 4.1% respectively. The overweight and obesity rates were the highest among the maleresidents aged 40-59 years and female residents aged 60 years and over. The initiative exercise rate of residents aged 18 yearsand over was 35.6% and the average sitting time was 6 hours per day. During the past 1 year,45.5% of community residentsobtained health directions from the community health service center actively and the percent of awareness about commonhealth knowledge was 55.83%. The population over 60 years old accounted for 16.4%,and the old dependency ratio was25.91%. The two-week morbidity rate（TWMR）of residents was 3.3%,and TWMR of residents aged 60 years and over was thehighest（7.8%）. During the past 1 year,the top diseases of hospitalization patients were hypertension,pneumonia,cerebralinfarction,diabetes,and bronchitis. The median hospitalization cost was 4 000.0 Yuan per person-year,and 94.5% of residentshad medical insurance. Conclusions The main health problems of residents include hypertension,diabetes,chronicobstructive pulmonary disease,stroke and other chronic disease in Haikou City. Fortunately,the coverage rate of social medicalinsurance was high. The reside
作者
朱庆
赵婵娟
ZHU Qing ZHAO Chan-juan(Haikou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China)
出处
《中国热带医学》
CAS
2016年第9期893-896,共4页
China Tropical Medicine
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(No.81434)
海口市重点科技项目(No.2015-0128)
海南省教育厅高校科研项目(No.Hnky2015-41)
关键词
社区诊断
慢性病
危险因素
调查
Community health diagnosis
Chronic disease
Risk factors
Survey
