摘要
初仕含义的起家官是士人出身等第信息的浓缩,也是六朝士族制社会维护门第流品秩序的关键,故受门阀化洗礼的北魏墓志对此高调标榜。墓志资料显示,伴随着北魏诸公及将军幕府机构的膨胀,原本鲜有高门问津的僚佐逐渐步入清流行列,成为显赫的士族起家官。幕僚释褐对候选者的家世背景有严格要求,三代世资达到旧令五品以上方能入围,以此确保士族的垄断权益。其内部分层清晰明确,功臣后裔、五等封君和精英人士高居新令六品以上,世资一、二品的宗室位列正七品,同等条件的庶姓及世资三至五品者退居从七品,这里折射出崭新的阀阅等级体系和统治集团的构造特征。从幕僚出身者的仕途前景来看,首次调转往往破格超迁,平生所任最高官普遍跨越象征公卿大夫层位的五品官僚线,极具强劲的助推潜质,因而备受士族推崇。评判官职清浊的传统标准就此彻底被颠覆,也引发我们对北魏士族风尚潮流及文化价值取向的重新认识。
The first officium was both the high concentration of the official＇s status and family background and a key to keep the hierarchical order of the Six dynasties aristocratic society, thus was flaunted by epi- taphs of such kind Northern Wei dynasty. According to the documentary records, the aides and staffs were in the prominent position as the first officium shared by the gentry class which was closely connected with the family power. There is a strict demand on the potential aides and staff whose family must have been five grade clerks or in higher position at least three generations so as to ensure their power monopo- ly. The system works clearly that the offspring of meritorious statesmen, the fifth class vassals and those elites were at least six grade clerks ; members of the royal clans who were previous one or two grade clerks were now seven grade clerks; the humble officials with the same quality as well as those members of the royal clans who were previous three to five grade clerks were now the subordinate seven grade clerks which reflected the new hierarchy system and the structure of ruling clique. The experience of the aides and staff who enjoyed an anomalous promotion at their first time and enjoyed a higher position than five grade clerks （ a symbol of officials and ministers） indicated the bright future, so was widely accepted by the noblemen.
出处
《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第4期90-101,共12页
Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)
基金
黑龙江省哲学社会科学规划项目"中国古代北方游牧民族行国体制研究"(14D031)
关键词
北魏
幕府僚佐
起家官
士族制度
墓志
epitaph
the Northern Wei dynasty
aides and staff
the first officium
aristocratic system
