摘要
灌水下限是果园灌水的重要指标,下限选择是否合理对果树生长有重要影响。以3 a生矮砧红富士为试验材料,研究了蓄水坑灌条件下不同灌水下限对新梢旺长期幼龄苹果树形态指标及叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明,新梢旺长期幼树形态指标随时间推移逐渐增大,但增速逐渐减缓。灌水下限为60%及70%田间持水率时,幼树生长旺盛,灌水下限为50%时,形成了水分胁迫,阻碍了植株的正常生长;随灌水下限的降低,叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2摩尔分数、蒸腾速率逐渐降低且各处理差异显著,但叶片水WUE逐渐升高;运用主成分分析法,发现在蓄水坑灌条件下,灌水上限为90%时,新梢旺长期幼龄苹果树适宜的灌水下限为70%。研究成果将为试验区域内合理制定蓄水坑灌灌水制度提供理论依据。
The lower limit of irrigation was an important index in irrigation system, and the limit had an impor- tant influence on the growth of fruit trees. The triennial dwarf stock Red Fuji apple trees were chosen as the exper- imental material. The influences of various lower irrigation limit on the morphology indices and leaf photosynthe- sis properties of young apple trees during quick growth stage of new branches under water storage pit irrigation condition were studied. The results suggested that the morphology indices of young trees during quick growth stage of new branches grew with time, but at a slow rate. With a lower limit of irrigation at 60% or 70% of field capacity, the young trees grew exuberantly. When the lower limit of irrigation was 50%, the normal growth of the plants was affected and moisture stress was formed. With a dropping lower limit ofirrigation, net photosynthesis rate, stomata conductance, intercellular CO： concentration and transpiration rate of the leaves fell progressively with significant differences. But the leaf moisture utilization rate increased steadily. It was revealed that the suit- able lower limit of irrigation was 70% for young apple trees during quick growth stage of new branches under wa- ter storage pit irrigation condition and with the upper irrigation limit of 90% field capacity by using the principal component analysis. The research results would provided theoretical guidance and reference for developing a proper water storage pit irrigation system.
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第7期46-51,84,共7页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51109154
51579168)
教育部博士点基金资助项目(20111402120006
20121402110009)
山西省科技攻关项目(20110311018-1
20140311016-6)
山西省高等学校创新人才支持计划资助
关键词
蓄水坑灌
形态指标
光合特性
灌水下限
主成分分析
water storage pit irrigation
morphology index
photosynthesis properties
lower limit of irrigation
principal components analysis
