摘要
为探明极端干旱区新型根区灌溉方式下不同灌水上下限对土壤水分分布规律、葡萄生长动态、产量和灌溉水利用效率的影响,采用新型根区灌溉方式(RI),以地面沟灌(FI)作为对照,分别设置3个灌水上下限(W1:田间持水率50%~80%、W2:田间持水率60%~90%、W3:田间持水率70%~100%)展开研究。结果表明:与沟灌相比,水平方向上根区灌溉处理沟垄两侧水分分布更均匀;垂直方向上根区灌溉处理40~80 cm土层土壤平均含水率比沟灌处理提高了2.98%~6.76%,促进了灌溉水向中深层入渗;同一灌溉方式下,土壤含水率随着灌水上下限的提高而增大。灌溉方式、灌水上下限及其交互作用对葡萄新梢、果实生长的影响达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),RIW2处理灌水量较FIW3处理降低了30.08%,新梢长度减小了20.32%,单果重增加了22.90%,增产8.21%。根区灌溉处理中产量与水分利用效率大小均表现为RIW2>RIW3>RIW1;根区灌溉方式相较于沟灌,灌溉水利用效率提高27.40%~42.64%,节水增产效果显著。综合考虑葡萄生长、产量、灌溉水利用效率等,试验条件下根区灌溉方式下灌水上下限为60%~90%田间持水率最优,可为极端干旱区葡萄产业制定科学灌溉方案提供理论与技术依据。
In order to find out the influence of different upper and lower limits of irrigation water under the new root zone irrigation technology in extreme arid areas on soil water distribution,grape growth dynamics,yield and irrigation water use efficiency,in this study,the new root zone irrigation technology(RI)was adopted and the ground ditch irrigation(FI)was used as a control,and three upper and lower limits of irrigation water(W1:50%~80%,W2:60%~90%,W3:70%~100%)were set.The results showed that:compared with furrow irrigation,the water distribution on both sides of furrow and ridge of root zone irrigation treatment was more uniform in horizontal direction;In vertical direction,the average soil water content of 40~80 cm soil layer under root zone irrigation was 2.98%~6.76%higher than that under furrow irrigation,which promoted the infiltration of irrigation water into the middle and deep layers;Under the same irrigation mode,soil moisture content increased with the increase of upper and lower irrigation limits.The effects of irrigation methods,upper and lower limits of irrigation and their interaction on the growth of grape shoots and fruits reached a very significant level(P<0.01).The irrigation amount of RIW2 treatment was 30.08%lower than that of FIW3 treatment,the length of new shoots was reduced by 20.32%,the weight of single fruit was increased by 22.90%,and the yield was increased by 8.21%.The yield and water use efficiency of root zone irrigation treatment were shown as RIW2>RIW3>RIW1.Compared with furrow irrigation,the irrigation water use efficiency of root zone irrigation technology was increased by 27.40%~42.64%,and the effect of water saving and yield increase was significant.In consideration of grape growth,yield,irrigation water use efficiency,etc.,the optimal upper and lower limit of irrigation water under root zone irrigation technology is 60%to 90%of field holding capacity.The study results can provide theoretical and technical basis for formulating scientific irrigation scheme for grape industry in
作者
郭佳昌
孙西欢
马娟娟
郭向红
郑利剑
孙瑞峰
GUO Jia-chang;SUN Xi-huan;MA Juan-juan;GUO Xiang-hong;ZHENG Li-jian;SUN Rui-feng(College of Water Resources Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2023年第7期117-124,共8页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U1803112)。
关键词
根区灌溉
灌水上下限
极端干旱区
葡萄生长
root zone irrigation
upper and lower limits of irrigation
extreme drought zones
grape growth
