摘要
近年出土于敦煌一棵树汉晋烽燧遗址的元康三年(293年)符信,是目前发现的唯一一件西晋实用符信实物。目前学者对该符信已有不少研究成果,但仍有不少未尽之处。例如封泥的一些细节,反映了下级属吏印章与长吏官印不同的特征。简文中有疑问的"贼"字的释读,其实可以找到明确的字形证据。"靡速"一词较可能读为"飞速",是中古口语词的新见资料。"封表"则应是指封印和书写申明规定的文字这两个制作步骤。如果以这件西晋符信为立足点,联系汉简中已发现的"符"类简牍实物,可以在一定程度上体现出汉晋时期部分符形态和使用方式的变化。早期的竹木符主要以剖分方式作为凭信,此后逐渐发展出较简便的以印为信的"封符"方式。后者的使用范围愈加广泛,体现了社会生活管理手段不断趋于简便的走势。从现有资料看,这种符信制度的演进变化应发生在两汉之际。
The recently excavated sealed bamboo tally（dated to 293 AD） found at Yikeshu beacon tower site in Dunhuang is the only Western Jin letter tally discovered so far. Although a lot of researches have been done about this tally, some issues have been neglected by scholars. For example, details of the seal reflect differences between seals of senior and subordinate officers; interpretation of ＂贼＂ in the bamboo slip inscription can be in fact supported by evidence of characters; ＂靡速＂ is probably read as ＂飞速＂, a colloquial expression in the Middle Ages; ＂封表＂ refers to making the sealing paste and inscribing regulations. By referring to existing sealed tallies among Han dynasty bamboo slips, the evolution of the form and use of some sealed tallies of the Han and Jin period can be found. Early bamboo and wooden tallies were split in two. Later, more convenient sealed tallies were invented and were in wider use, reflecting the simplification in management. Existing data show that the transformation of sealed tally system probably took place in the late Western Han.
出处
《中国国家博物馆馆刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第5期62-71,共10页
Journal of National Museum of China
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目"简帛学大辞典"(项目批准号:14ZDB027)资助
关键词
符信
敦煌
补释
汉简
演变
Sealed letter
Dunhuang
additional interpretation
Han dynasty bamboo slip
evolution
