摘要
目的 掌握石家庄市2008-2014年狂犬病的流行特征。方法 收集2008-2014年石家庄市狂犬病疫情及监测资料,对流行特点及相关因素进行分析。结果 2008-2014年石家庄市确诊狂犬病病例共91例,男女性别比为2.96：1,40-、50-、60-岁年龄组发病居多;以农民为主,占发病总数的84.61%;发病集中于5-11月,占全年病例数的76.92%;病例大部分发生在农村县（区）。潜伏期长短与损伤部位有关,头部损伤者潜伏期最短。暴露后,53.01%的病例未进行任何处置。病例Ⅱ级暴露后75%未全程接种疫苗、Ⅲ级暴露后未同时注射抗血清和狂犬病疫苗。病例致伤动物均为犬只,仅1.20%的犬只注射了动物狂犬病疫苗。结论 石家庄市狂犬病流行特征夏秋季为高发期,男性、农民、〉40岁为重点人群。暴露后预防治疗的处理率低、暴露后未规范处置、伤人犬只免疫率低是狂犬病发病的相关因素。
Objective To understand the characteristics of rabies in recent 7 years in Shijiazhuang. To analyze the related epidemic factors of rabies and to provide basic evidence for management. Methods Collect the data about rabies in 2008-2014 of Shijiazhuang, analyze the characteristics and related epidemic factors. Results The number of rabies cases was 91 from 2008-2014, among which 83 cases were investigated. The ratio of male to female is 2.96：1, focused on above 40 years old. Mainly cases are famers, occupied 84.61%. Most of cases occurred in May to November, occupied 76.92%. Injury location was associated with incubation period, head bitten ones with the shortest incubation period of the injured. We found 53.01% cases haven＇t any preventive treatment after exposure. Total 75% of Ⅱ level exposure cases without full vaccination. The antiserum/immune globulin and vaccination were not done at the same time for Ⅲ level exposure cases. All of the animal＇s hurt cases were dogs, only 1.20% of dogs once were vaccinated. Conclusion The rabies occurred in summer and fall. Main cases are male, famers and above 40 years. The relevant factors as low rate of post-exposure prophylaxis and failed to have finished the necessary post-exposure treatment （PET） of the cases, nonstandard PET in hospital or local clinic, low rabies vaccination coverage in dogs might be responsible for rabies epidemics in Shijiazhuang.
出处
《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2016年第2期194-196,共3页
Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control
关键词
狂犬病
流行因素
预防处置
Rabies
Epidemic factors
Post-exposure prophylaxis
